Related papers: Superfluid Helium 3: Link between Condensed Matter…
In 1996 Lee, Osheroff and Richardson received the Nobel Prize for their 1971 discovery of superfluid helium 3 -- a discovery which opened the door to the most fascinating system known in condensed matter physics. The superfluid phases of…
The discovery of superfluidity in 3He in 1971, published in 1972, [1, 2] has influenced a wide range of investigations that extend well beyond fermionic superfluids, including electronic quantum ma- terials, ultra-cold gases and degenerate…
This article provides an overview, primarily from an experimental perspective, of recent progress and future prospects in using helium to realize a range of quantum materials of generic interest, by "top-down" and "bottom-up"…
Many direct parallels connect superfluid 3He with the field theories describing the physical vacuum, gauge fields and elementary fermions. Superfluid $^3$He exhibits a variety of topological defects which can be detected with single-defect…
This article presents a phenomenological dynamic phase transition theory -- modeling and analysis -- for liquid helium-3. We derived two new models, for liquid helium-3 with or without applied field, by introducing three wave functions and…
Superfluid $T_c$ of liquid helium-3 and its pressure dependence are calculated by using a relation obtained from our macro-orbital microscopic theory. The results agree closely with experiments. This underlines the accuracy of our relation…
In recent years, experimental data were published which point to the possibility of the existence of superfluidity in solid helium. To investigate this phenomenon theoretically we employ a hierarchy of equations for reduced density matrices…
Supersolidity -- a quantum-mechanical phenomenon characterized by the presence of both superfluidity and crystalline order -- was initially envisioned in the context of bulk solid helium, as a possible answer to the question of whether a…
A few years after the discovery of Bose Einstein condensation in several gases, it is interesting to look back at some properties of superfluid helium. After a short historical review, I comment shortly on boiling and evaporation, then on…
We argue that classical transitions can be the key to explaining the long standing puzzle of the fast A-B phase transition observed in superfluid Helium 3 while standard theory expects it to be unobservably slow. Collisions between domain…
Liquid 3He confined in silica aerogel provides us with a unique system to study the effects of quenched disorder on the properties of a strongly correlated quantum liquid. The superfluid phases display interplay between disorder and complex…
Superfluid 3He-A and high-temperature superconductors both have gapless fermionic quasiparticles with the "relativistic" spectrum close to the gap nodes. The interaction of these "relaitivistic" fermions with bosonic collective modes of the…
Based upon the hypothesis of simultaneous participation of helium particles in atom(atom) and pair(pair) motions, the proof of Feynman and Bogoliubov formulas validity for elementary excitations spectrum in superfluid helium is carried out…
Matter at low temperatures exhibits unusual properties such as superfluidity, superconductivity, Bose-Einstein condensation, and supersolidity. These states display quantum mechanical behaviours at scales much larger than atomic dimensions.…
This is the manuscript version of the Physics ViewPoint article introducing the paper "Observation of half-quantum vortices in topological superfluid $^3$He", by S. Autti et al., which appeared in Physical Review Letters, December 14, 2016.
Nearly five decades have elapsed since the seminal 1966 paper of P.W. Anderson on the flow of superfluid helium, $^4$He at that time. Some of his "Considerations" -- the role of the quantum phase as a dynamical variable, the interplay…
The symmetry-breaking first-order phase transition between superfluid phases $^3$He-A and $^3$He-B can be triggered extrinsically by ionising radiation or heterogeneous nucleation arising from the details of the sample cell construction.…
It is now well-recognized that the Universe may behave like a condensed matter system in which several phase transitions have taken place. Superconductors and the superfluid phases of 3He are condensed matter systems with useful…
During the past two decades, cosmologists turned to particle physics in order to explore the physics of the very early Universe. The main link between the physics of the smallest and largest structures in the Universe is the idea of…
Preparing and detecting spatially extended quantum superpositions of a massive object comprises an important fundamental test of quantum theory. These quantum states are extremely fragile and tend to quickly decay into incoherent mixtures…