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Ion beams are used routinely for processing of semiconductors, particularly sputtering, ion implantation and direct-write fabrication of nanostructures. However, the utility of ion beam techniques is limited by crystal damage and surface…
The tremendous amount of wasted heat from solar radiation and industry dissipation has motivated the development of thermoelectric concepts that directly convert heat into electricity. The main challenge in practical applications for…
Secondary ion beams are beams of particles produced by bombarding a production target with a primary beam of a stable nuclide (in most cases protons) or by fragmentation of heavy primary particles. These methods are used for short lived,…
As soon as the first particles emerge from an ion source, the source characteristics need to be determined. The total beam intensity, the transverse particle distributions, the beam divergence and emittance as well as the longitudinal…
Ion sources produce beams for a large variety of different physical experiments, industrial processes and medical applications. In order to characterize the beam delivered by them, a list of requirements is necessary. In this chapter the…
The detection of apparent anomalous forces in the vicinity of high-Tc superconductors under non equilibrium conditions has stimulated an experimental research in which the operating parameters of the experiment have been pushed to values…
Focused ion beam milling allows manipulation of the shape and size of nanostructures to create geometries potentially useful for opto-electronics, thermoelectrics, and quantum computing. We focus on using the ion beam to control the…
The usage of optical transition radiation for profile monitoring of relativistic electron beams is well known. This report presents the case for beam diagnostic application of optical transition radiation for non-relativistic ion beams. The…
The formation of photo-electron current in the volume of semi-conductor material is investigated in this article. A plane case when a material is uniformly illuminated by light is considered. The current-voltage characteristic of a photo…
Bare reverse biased silicon photodiodes were exposed to 3eV He+, Ne+, Ar+, N2+, N+ and H2O+ ions. In all cases an increase of the reverse current through the diode was observed. This effect and its dependence on the ionization energy of the…
The production of ion beams from the interaction of a circularly polarized laser pulse with a nanometric double-layer target is discussed in the regime where all electrons are expelled from the target by laser radiation pressure.…
Recent ion source developments resulted in the generation of high brilliance, high current beams of protons and light ions. After extraction and transport the beams with large internal space charge forces have to be captured, bunched and…
As two counter-rotating beams interact they can give rise to coherent dipole modes. Under the influence of impedance these coherent beam-beam modes can couple to higher order head-tail modes and lead to strong instabilities. A fully…
The vacuum arc ion source has evolved into a more or less standard laboratory tool for the production of high-current beams of metal ions, and is now used in a number of different embodiments at many laboratories around the world.…
A superintense laser pulse illuminating a thin solid-density foil can, in principle, accelerate the entire foil, therefore yielding dense, collimated, and quasi-monoenergetic ion beams. These unique features render radiation pressure…
One of the most severe limitations in high-intensity particle colliders is the beam-beam interaction, i.e. the perturbation of the beams as they cross the opposing beams. This introduction to beam-beam effects concentrates on a description…
We theoretically prove that electromagnetic beams propagating through a nonlinear cubic metamaterial can exhibit a power flow whose direction reverses its sign along the transverse profile. This effect is peculiar of the hitherto unexplored…
Time-dependent current of the electrons excited in the conduction band after ultrafast interband photogeneration is studied theoretically. The transient photocurrent is calculated for the nonlinear regime of response to a stationary…
Ultrahigh-intensity lasers (10$^{18}$-10$^{22}$W/cm$^{2}$) have opened up new perspectives in many fields of research and application [1-5]. By irradiating a thin foil, an ultrahigh accelerating field (10$^{12}$ V/m) can be formed and…
This paper reviews resent theoretical and experimental research on physical processes in compensated negative-ion beams. A previous review was published by one of the authors in Ref. [1]. The present paper summarizes the new results of…