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As a cornerstone in language modeling, tokenization involves segmenting text inputs into pre-defined atomic units. Conventional statistical tokenizers often disrupt constituent boundaries within words, thereby corrupting semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Qingyang Zhu , Xiang Hu , Pengyu Ji , Wei Wu , Kewei Tu

Dealing with the complex word forms in morphologically rich languages is an open problem in language processing, and is particularly important in translation. In contrast to most modern neural systems of translation, which discard the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-06-15 Ekaterina Vylomova , Trevor Cohn , Xuanli He , Gholamreza Haffari

We apply decision tree induction to the problem of discourse clue word sense disambiguation with a genetic algorithm. The automatic partitioning of the training set which is intrinsic to decision tree induction gives rise to linguistically…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Eric V. Siegel , Kathleen R. McKeown

Large language models (LLMs) contain substantial factual knowledge which is commonly elicited by multiple-choice question-answering prompts. Internally, such models process the prompt through multiple transformer layers, building varying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Didier Chételat , Joseph Cotnareanu , Rylee Thompson , Yingxue Zhang , Mark Coates

In this paper we provide a quantitative framework for the study of phonological networks (PNs) for the English language by carrying out principled comparisons to null models, either based on site percolation, randomization techniques, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-11 Massimo Stella , Markus Brede

The paper copes with the task of automatic assessment of second language proficiency from the language learners' spoken responses to test prompts. The task has significant relevance to the field of computer assisted language learning. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Sara Papi , Edmondo Trentin , Roberto Gretter , Marco Matassoni , Daniele Falavigna

Much like sentences are composed of words, words themselves are composed of smaller units. For example, the English word questionably can be analyzed as question+able+ly. However, this structural decomposition of the word does not directly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Ryan Cotterell , Hinrich Schütze

Level assessment for foreign language students is necessary for putting them in the right level group, furthermore, interviewing students is a very time-consuming task, so we propose to automate the evaluation of speaker fluency level by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-03 Alan Preciado-Grijalva , Ramon F. Brena

Current state-of-the-art neural dialogue systems are mainly data-driven and are trained on human-generated responses. However, due to the subjectivity and open-ended nature of human conversations, the complexity of training dialogues varies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Hengyi Cai , Hongshen Chen , Cheng Zhang , Yonghao Song , Xiaofang Zhao , Yangxi Li , Dongsheng Duan , Dawei Yin

In this work we extend previous analyses of linguistic networks by adopting a multi-layer network framework for modelling the human mental lexicon, i.e. an abstract mental repository where words and concepts are stored together with their…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-04-06 Massimo Stella , Markus Brede

Recurrent neural networks have been very successful at predicting sequences of words in tasks such as language modeling. However, all such models are based on the conventional classification framework, where the model is trained against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-14 Hakan Inan , Khashayar Khosravi , Richard Socher

Since language models are used to model a wide variety of languages, it is natural to ask whether the neural architectures used for the task have inductive biases towards modeling particular types of languages. Investigation of these biases…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Jennifer C. White , Ryan Cotterell

Cross-lingual word embeddings encode the meaning of words from different languages into a shared low-dimensional space. An important requirement for many downstream tasks is that word similarity should be independent of language - i.e.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Yoshinari Fujinuma , Jordan Boyd-Graber , Michael J. Paul

Probing the multilingual knowledge of linguistic structure in LLMs, often characterized as sequence labeling, faces challenges with maintaining output templates in current text-to-text prompting strategies. To solve this, we introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Ercong Nie , Shuzhou Yuan , Bolei Ma , Helmut Schmid , Michael Färber , Frauke Kreuter , Hinrich Schütze

Improving neural machine translation (NMT) systems with prompting has achieved significant progress in recent years. In this work, we focus on how to integrate multi-knowledge, multiple types of knowledge, into NMT models to enhance the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Ke Wang , Jun Xie , Yuqi Zhang , Yu Zhao

We introduce categorical modularity, a novel low-resource intrinsic metric to evaluate word embedding quality. Categorical modularity is a graph modularity metric based on the $k$-nearest neighbor graph constructed with embedding vectors of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Sílvia Casacuberta , Karina Halevy , Damián E. Blasi

Knowing the reasoning chains from knowledge to the predicted answers can help construct an explainable question answering (QA) system. Advances on QA explanation propose to explain the answers with entailment trees composed of multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Ruixin Hong , Hongming Zhang , Xintong Yu , Changshui Zhang

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) on their linguistic reasoning capabilities is an important task to understand the gaps in their skills that may surface during large-scale adoption. In this work, we investigate the abilities of such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Raghav Ramji , Keshav Ramji

Linear sequences of words are implicitly represented in our brains by hierarchical structures that organize the composition of words in sentences. Linguists formalize different frameworks to model this hierarchy; two of the most common…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Omar Momen

Large language models have recently shown promising progress in mathematical reasoning when fine-tuned with human-generated sequences walking through a sequence of solution steps. However, the solution sequences are not formally structured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Andrew J. Nam , Mengye Ren , Chelsea Finn , James L. McClelland