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Recurrent models for sequences have been recently successful at many tasks, especially for language modeling and machine translation. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to extract good representations from these models. For instance, even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Łukasz Kaiser , Samy Bengio

We propose a simple tractable pair hidden Markov model for pairwise sequence alignment that accounts for the presence of short tandem repeats. Using the framework of gain functions, we design several optimization criteria for decoding this…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2013-07-31 Michal Nánási , Tomáš Vinař , Broňa Brejová

Many applications of large language models (LLMs) require long-context understanding, but models continue to struggle with such tasks. We hypothesize that conventional next-token prediction training could contribute to this, because each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Falko Helm , Nico Daheim , Iryna Gurevych

Detecting video moments and highlights from natural-language queries have been unified by transformer-based methods. Other works use generative Multimodal LLM (MLLM) to predict moments and/or highlights as text timestamps, utilizing its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 I Putu Andika Bagas Jiwanta , Ayu Purwarianti

Model stealing, where a learner tries to recover an unknown model via carefully chosen queries, is a critical problem in machine learning, as it threatens the security of proprietary models and the privacy of data they are trained on. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Allen Liu , Ankur Moitra

Large Language Models (LLMs) based on the pre-trained fine-tuning paradigm have become pivotal in solving natural language processing tasks, consistently achieving state-of-the-art performance. Nevertheless, the theoretical understanding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Jing Luo , Huiyuan Wang , Weiran Huang

We propose a novel use of Large Language Models (LLMs) as unsupervised anomaly detectors in particle physics. Using lightweight LLM-like networks with encoder-based architectures trained to reconstruct background events via masked-token…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-01-28 Ambre Visive , Polina Moskvitina , Clara Nellist , Roberto Ruiz de Austri , Sascha Caron

The recent prevalence of pretrained language models (PLMs) has dramatically shifted the paradigm of semantic parsing, where the mapping from natural language utterances to structured logical forms is now formulated as a Seq2Seq task.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Lunyiu Nie , Jiuding Sun , Yanlin Wang , Lun Du , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang , Jidong Zhai

We improve automatic correction of grammatical, orthographic, and collocation errors in text using a multilayer convolutional encoder-decoder neural network. The network is initialized with embeddings that make use of character N-gram…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-29 Shamil Chollampatt , Hwee Tou Ng

In the era of Large Language Models (LLMs), generative linguistic steganography has become a prevalent technique for hiding information within model-generated texts. However, traditional steganography methods struggle to effectively align…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Minhao Bai , Jinshuai Yang , Kaiyi Pang , Yongfeng Huang , Yue Gao

Hidden Markov model (HMM) has been successfully used for sequential data modeling problems. In this work, we propose to power the modeling capacity of HMM by bringing in neural network based generative models. The proposed model is termed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Dong Liu , Antoine Honoré , Saikat Chatterjee , Lars K. Rasmussen

Text watermarks in large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to detect synthetic text, mitigating misuse cases like fake news and academic dishonesty. While existing watermarking detection techniques primarily focus on classifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Xuandong Zhao , Chenwen Liao , Yu-Xiang Wang , Lei Li

To build an interpretable neural text classifier, most of the prior work has focused on designing inherently interpretable models or finding faithful explanations. A new line of work on improving model interpretability has just started, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Hanjie Chen , Yangfeng Ji

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising efficacy across various tasks, becoming powerful tools in numerous aspects of human life. However, Transformer-based LLMs suffer a performance degradation when modeling long-term contexts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Weiyao Luo , Suncong Zheng , Heming Xia , Weikang Wang , Yan Lei , Tianyu Liu , Shuang Chen , Zhifang Sui

Hidden Markov models and their variants are the predominant sequential classification method in such domains as speech recognition, bioinformatics and natural language processing. Being generative rather than discriminative models, however,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-02-18 John A. Quinn , Masashi Sugiyama

Tokenization is a fundamental component of large language models (LLMs), yet its influence on model scaling and performance is not fully explored. In this paper, we introduce Over-Tokenized Transformers, a novel framework that decouples…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Hongzhi Huang , Defa Zhu , Banggu Wu , Yutao Zeng , Ya Wang , Qiyang Min , Xun Zhou

Text recognition in natural scene is a challenging problem due to the many factors affecting text appearance. In this paper, we presents a method that directly transcribes scene text images to text without needing of sophisticated character…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-01-07 Guo Qiang , Tu Dan , Li Guohui , Lei Jun

Systems based on automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology can provide important functionality in computer assisted language learning applications. This is a young but growing area of research motivated by the large number of students…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-02-29 Zhenhao Ge , Sudhendu R. Sharma , Mark J. T. Smith

We successfully combine Expectation-Maximization algorithm and variational approaches for parameter learning and computing inference on Markov random felds. This is a general method that can be applied to many computer vision tasks. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Francisco Cruz , Oriol Ramos Terrades

Cross-lingual transfer learning is an important property of multilingual large language models (LLMs). But how do LLMs represent relationships between languages? Every language model has an input layer that maps tokens to vectors. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Andrea W Wen-Yi , David Mimno