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Learning algorithms normally assume that there is at most one annotation or label per data point. However, in some scenarios, such as medical diagnosis and on-line collaboration,multiple annotations may be available. In either case,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-03-19 Yan Yan , Romer Rosales , Glenn Fung , Jennifer Dy

For high-resource languages like English, text classification is a well-studied task. The performance of modern NLP models easily achieves an accuracy of more than 90% in many standard datasets for text classification in English (Xie et…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Dawei Zhu , Michael A. Hedderich , Fangzhou Zhai , David Ifeoluwa Adelani , Dietrich Klakow

We propose an alternative method for training a classification model. Using the MNIST set of handwritten digits and Restricted Boltzmann Machines, it is possible to reach a classification performance competitive to semi-supervised learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-04 Malte Probst , Franz Rothlauf

When we can not assume a large amount of annotated data , active learning is a good strategy. It consists in learning a model on a small amount of annotated data (annotation budget) and in choosing the best set of points to annotate in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Umang Aggarwal , Adrian Popescu , Céline Hudelot

The performance of a machine learning system is usually evaluated by using i.i.d.\ observations with true labels. However, acquiring ground truth labels is expensive, while obtaining unlabeled samples may be cheaper. Stratified sampling can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-29 Tiancheng Yu , Xiyu Zhai , Suvrit Sra

Active Learning techniques are used to tackle learning problems where obtaining training labels is costly. In this work we use Meta-Active Learning to learn to select a subset of samples from a pool of unsupervised input for further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Ignasi Mas , Josep Ramon Morros , Veronica Vilaplana

Fine-grained Entity Typing is a tough task which suffers from noise samples extracted from distant supervision. Thousands of manually annotated samples can achieve greater performance than millions of samples generated by the previous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Sheng Lin , Luye Zheng , Bo Chen , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang , Fei Wu , Zhigang Chen , Guoping Hu , Xiang Ren

Recent work has demonstrated that pre-training in-domain language models can boost performance when adapting to a new domain. However, the costs associated with pre-training raise an important question: given a fixed budget, what steps…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Fan Bai , Alan Ritter , Wei Xu

In this work, we introduce a novel framework that employs cluster annotation to boost active learning by reducing the number of human interactions required to train deep neural networks. Instead of annotating single samples individually,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Fábio Perez , Rémi Lebret , Karl Aberer

State-of-the-art speaker verification systems are inherently dependent on some kind of human supervision as they are trained on massive amounts of labeled data. However, manually annotating utterances is slow, expensive and not scalable to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-25 Théo Lepage , Réda Dehak

Pretrained language models (PLMs) have shown remarkable few-shot learning capabilities when provided with properly formatted examples. However, selecting the "best" examples remains an open challenge. We propose a complexity-based prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Rishabh Adiga , Lakshminarayanan Subramanian , Varun Chandrasekaran

In this paper, we investigate self-supervised pre-training methods for document text recognition. Nowadays, large unlabeled datasets can be collected for many research tasks, including text recognition, but it is costly to annotate them.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Martin Kišš , Michal Hradiš

High-quality labeled datasets are essential for deep learning. Traditional manual annotation methods are not only costly and inefficient but also pose challenges in specialized domains where expert knowledge is needed. Self-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Zhaocong liu , Fa Zhang , Lin Cheng , Huanxi Deng , Xiaoyan Yang , Zhenyu Zhang , Chichun Zhou

There is a broad range of BioNLP tasks for which active learning (AL) can significantly reduce annotation costs and a specific AL algorithm we have developed is particularly effective in reducing annotation costs for these tasks. We have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-09-16 Michael Bloodgood , K. Vijay-Shanker

Shortcut mitigation strategies commonly rely on training data annotations, group-balanced held-out data or the presence of all groups, i.e., all combinations of (spurious) attributes and classes, in the training data. However, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Phuong Quynh Le , Jörg Schlötterer , Sari Sadiya , Gemma Roig , Christin Seifert

Annotating data for supervised learning can be costly. When the annotation budget is limited, active learning can be used to select and annotate those observations that are likely to give the most gain in model performance. We propose an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-19 Amanda Olmin , Jakob Lindqvist , Lennart Svensson , Fredrik Lindsten

The recent success of learning-based algorithms can be greatly attributed to the immense amount of annotated data used for training. Yet, many datasets lack annotations due to the high costs associated with labeling, resulting in degraded…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-27 Dana Cohen Hochberg , Hayit Greenspan , Raja Giryes

We describe an effort to annotate a corpus of natural language instructions consisting of 622 wet lab protocols to facilitate automatic or semi-automatic conversion of protocols into a machine-readable format and benefit biological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-02 Chaitanya Kulkarni , Wei Xu , Alan Ritter , Raghu Machiraju

For medical image segmentation, most fully convolutional networks (FCNs) need strong supervision through a large sample of high-quality dense segmentations, which is taxing in terms of costs, time and logistics involved. This burden of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-01 Yash Bhalgat , Meet Shah , Suyash Awate

Active learning (AL) is a training paradigm for selecting unlabeled samples for annotation to improve model performance on a test set, which is useful when only a limited number of samples can be annotated. These algorithms often work by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Lorenzo Jaime Yu Flores , Cesare Spinoso di-Piano , Ori Ernst , David Ifeoluwa Adelani , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung