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We propose a new variant of online learning that we call "ambiguous online learning". In this setting, the learner is allowed to produce multiple predicted labels. Such an "ambiguous prediction" is considered correct when at least one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Vanessa Kosoy

Learning from preference labels plays a crucial role in fine-tuning large language models. There are several distinct approaches for preference fine-tuning, including supervised learning, on-policy reinforcement learning (RL), and…

We consider the problem of discriminatively learning restricted Boltzmann machines in the presence of relational data. Unlike previous approaches that employ a rule learner (for structure learning) and a weight learner (for parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-29 Navdeep Kaur , Gautam Kunapuli , Sriraam Natarajan

Large Language Models (LLMs) enable a new form of digital experimentation where treatments combine human and model-generated content in increasingly sophisticated ways. The main methodological challenge in this setting is representing these…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-27 Lei Shi , David Arbour , Raghavendra Addanki , Ritwik Sinha , Avi Feller

Though there are some works on improving distributed word representations using lexicons, the improper overfitting of the words that have multiple meanings is a remaining issue deteriorating the learning when lexicons are used, which needs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-10 Yuanzhi Ke , Masafumi Hagiwara

This work continues to investigate the link between differentially private (DP) and online learning. Alon, Livni, Malliaris, and Moran (2019) showed that for binary concept classes, DP learnability of a given class implies that it has a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Simone Fioravanti , Steve Hanneke , Shay Moran , Hilla Schefler , Iska Tsubari

State-of-the-art neural network language models (NNLMs) represented by long short term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM-RNNs) and Transformers are becoming highly complex. They are prone to overfitting and poor generalization when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Boyang Xue , Shoukang Hu , Junhao Xu , Mengzhe Geng , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

While cross-lingual word embeddings have been studied extensively in recent years, the qualitative differences between the different algorithms remain vague. We observe that whether or not an algorithm uses a particular feature set…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Omer Levy , Anders Søgaard , Yoav Goldberg

Mining relationships between treatment(s) and medical problem(s) is vital in the biomedical domain. This helps in various applications, such as decision support system, safety surveillance, and new treatment discovery. We propose a deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Veera Raghavendra Chikka , Kamalakar Karlapalem

We start from a simple asymptotic result for the problem of on-line regression with the quadratic loss function: the class of continuous limited-memory prediction strategies admits a "leading prediction strategy", which not only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Vladimir Vovk

Recent approaches to cross-lingual word embedding have generally been based on linear transformations between the sets of embedding vectors in the two languages. In this paper, we propose an approach that instead expresses the two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Chunting Zhou , Xuezhe Ma , Di Wang , Graham Neubig

The emerging field of learning-augmented online algorithms uses ML techniques to predict future input parameters and thereby improve the performance of online algorithms. Since these parameters are, in general, real-valued functions, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Keerti Anand , Rong Ge , Amit Kumar , Debmalya Panigrahi

This paper presents a novel latent variable recurrent neural network architecture for jointly modeling sequences of words and (possibly latent) discourse relations between adjacent sentences. A recurrent neural network generates individual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-04-06 Yangfeng Ji , Gholamreza Haffari , Jacob Eisenstein

Learning-augmented algorithms have received significant attention in recent years, particularly in the context of online optimization. Motivated by the high computational cost of generating predictions, a growing line of work studies the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yongho Shin , Phanu Vajanopath

While recent advances in deep learning led to significant improvements in machine translation, neural machine translation is often still not able to continuously adapt to the environment. For humans, as well as for machine translation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Jan Niehues

Learning sentence vectors that generalise well is a challenging task. In this paper we compare three methods of learning phrase embeddings: 1) Using LSTMs, 2) using recursive nets, 3) A variant of the method 2 using the POS information of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Anson Bastos

We study a variant of online multiclass classification where the learner predicts a single label but receives a \textit{set of labels} as feedback. In this model, the learner is penalized for not outputting a label contained in the revealed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Vinod Raman , Unique Subedi , Ambuj Tewari

We propose a novel model architecture and training algorithm to learn bilingual sentence embeddings from a combination of parallel and monolingual data. Our method connects autoencoding and neural machine translation to force the source and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Yunsu Kim , Hendrik Rosendahl , Nick Rossenbach , Jan Rosendahl , Shahram Khadivi , Hermann Ney

Conventional word embeddings represent words with fixed vectors, which are usually trained based on co-occurrence patterns among words. In doing so, however, the power of such representations is limited, where the same word might be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Hongming Zhang , Jiaxin Bai , Yan Song , Kun Xu , Changlong Yu , Yangqiu Song , Wilfred Ng , Dong Yu

We develop an online learning method for prediction, which is important in problems with large and/or streaming data sets. We formulate the learning approach using a covariance-fitting methodology, and show that the resulting predictor has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Dave Zachariah , Petre Stoica , Thomas B. Schön