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Probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFGs), which are commonly used to generate trees randomly, have been well analyzed theoretically, leading to applications in various domains. Despite their utility, the distributions that the grammar…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-08-30 Kai Nakaishi , Koji Hukushima

We continue our study of ordered context-free grammars, a grammar formalism that places an order on the parse trees produced by the corresponding context-free grammar. In particular, we simplify our previous definition of a derivation of a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Brink van der Merwe

We propose a new type of representation learning method that models words, phrases and sentences seamlessly. Our method does not depend on word segmentation and any human-annotated resources (e.g., word dictionaries), yet it is very…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Geewook Kim , Kazuki Fukui , Hidetoshi Shimodaira

Probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFGs) with neural parameterization have been shown to be effective in unsupervised phrase-structure grammar induction. However, due to the cubic computational complexity of PCFG representation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Songlin Yang , Yanpeng Zhao , Kewei Tu

We present a new algorithm for approximate inference in probabilistic programs, based on a stochastic gradient for variational programs. This method is efficient without restrictions on the probabilistic program; it is particularly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-01-08 David Wingate , Theophane Weber

This paper describes our experiments with automatically identifying native accents from speech samples of non-native English speakers using low level audio features, and n-gram features from manual transcriptions. Using a publicly available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Sowmya Vajjala , Ziwei Zhou

We present NN-grams, a novel, hybrid language model integrating n-grams and neural networks (NN) for speech recognition. The model takes as input both word histories as well as n-gram counts. Thus, it combines the memorization capacity and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-27 Babak Damavandi , Shankar Kumar , Noam Shazeer , Antoine Bruguier

Chinese input recommendation plays an important role in alleviating human cost in typing Chinese words, especially in the scenario of mobile applications. The fundamental problem is to predict the conditional probability of the next word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Hainan Zhang , Yanyan Lan , Jiafeng Guo , Jun Xu , Xueqi Cheng

Multiple algorithms are known for efficiently calculating the prefix probability of a string under a probabilistic context-free grammar (PCFG). Good algorithms for the problem have a runtime cubic in the length of the input string. However,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Franz Nowak , Ryan Cotterell

Natural language processing models learn word representations based on the distributional hypothesis, which asserts that word context (e.g., co-occurrence) correlates with meaning. We propose that $n$-grams composed of random character…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Mark Chu , Bhargav Srinivasa Desikan , Ethan O. Nadler , D. Ruggiero Lo Sardo , Elise Darragh-Ford , Douglas Guilbeault

Stochastic And-Or grammars (AOG) extend traditional stochastic grammars of language to model other types of data such as images and events. In this paper we propose a representation framework of stochastic AOGs that is agnostic to the type…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-04-13 Kewei Tu

Stochastic spectral methods have achieved great success in the uncertainty quantification of many engineering problems, including electronic and photonic integrated circuits influenced by fabrication process variations. Existing techniques…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-12-06 Chunfeng Cui , Zheng Zhang

The paper describes a parser of sequences of (English) part-of-speech labels which utilises a probabilistic grammar trained using the inside-outside algorithm. The initial (meta)grammar is defined by a linguist and further rules compatible…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Briscoe , Ted , Waegner , Nick

We present new results on the relation between purely symbolic context-free parsing strategies and their probabilistic counter-parts. Such parsing strategies are seen as constructions of push-down devices from grammars. We show that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Mark-Jan Nederhof , Giorgio Satta

Stochastic approximation algorithm is a useful technique which has been exploited successfully in probability theory and statistics for a long time. The step sizes used in stochastic approximation are generally taken to be deterministic and…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-09-25 Ujan Gangopadhyay , Krishanu Maulik

In multimedia, text or bioinformatics databases, applications query sequences of n consecutive symbols called n-grams. Estimating the number of distinct n-grams is a view-size estimation problem. While view sizes can be estimated by…

Databases · Computer Science 2014-02-05 Daniel Lemire , Owen Kaser

The recent tremendous success of unsupervised word embeddings in a multitude of applications raises the obvious question if similar methods could be derived to improve embeddings (i.e. semantic representations) of word sequences as well. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-31 Matteo Pagliardini , Prakhar Gupta , Martin Jaggi

By building upon the recent theory that established the connection between implicit generative modeling (IGM) and optimal transport, in this study, we propose a novel parameter-free algorithm for learning the underlying distributions of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-12 Antoine Liutkus , Umut Şimşekli , Szymon Majewski , Alain Durmus , Fabian-Robert Stöter

We introduce the notion of a stochastic probabilistic program and present a reference implementation of a probabilistic programming facility supporting specification of stochastic probabilistic programs and inference in them. Stochastic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-23 David Tolpin , Tomer Dobkin

Understanding how the structure of language can be learned from sentences alone is a central question in both cognitive science and machine learning. Studies of the internal representations of Large Language Models (LLMs) support their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Jack T. Parley , Francesco Cagnetta , Matthieu Wyart