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The relationship between three probability distributions and their maximizable entropy forms is discussed without postulating entropy property. For this purpose, the entropy I is defined as a measure of uncertainty of the probability…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-10-28 Qiuping A. Wang

We discuss algorithms for estimating the Shannon entropy h of finite symbol sequences with long range correlations. In particular, we consider algorithms which estimate h from the code lengths produced by some compression algorithm. Our…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-04-24 Thomas Schürmann , Peter Grassberger

What is the minimum number of guesses needed on average to correctly guess a realization of a random variable? The answer to this question led to the introduction of the notion of a quantity called guesswork by Massey in 1994, which can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-28 Eric P. Hanson , Vishal Katariya , Nilanjana Datta , Mark M. Wilde

In this paper, entropies, including measure-theoretic entropy and topological entropy, are considered for random $\mathbb{Z}^k$-actions which are generated by random compositions of the generators of $\mathbb{Z}^k$-actions. Applying Pesin's…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-01-04 Yujun Zhu

The monitoring of event frequencies can be used to recognize behavioral anomalies, to identify trends, and to deduce or discard hypotheses about the underlying system. For example, the performance of a web server may be monitored based on…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Thomas Ferrère , Thomas A. Henzinger , Bernhard Kragl

Given two discrete random variables $X$ and $Y,$ with probability distributions ${\bf p}=(p_1, \ldots , p_n)$ and ${\bf q}=(q_1, \ldots , q_m)$, respectively, denote by ${\cal C}({\bf p}, {\bf q})$ the set of all couplings of ${\bf p}$ and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-24 Ferdinando Cicalese , Luisa Gargano , Ugo Vaccaro

The dependence with text length of the statistical properties of word occurrences has long been considered a severe limitation quantitative linguistics. We propose a simple scaling form for the distribution of absolute word frequencies…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-15 Francesc Font-Clos , Gemma Boleda , Álvaro Corral

We propose an algorithm with improved query-complexity for the problem of hypothesis selection under local differential privacy constraints. Given a set of $k$ probability distributions $Q$, we describe an algorithm that satisfies local…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Gautam Kamath , Alireza F. Pour , Matthew Regehr , David P. Woodruff

Methods have been developed to identify the probability distribution of a random vector $Z$ from information consisting of its bounded range and the probability density function or moments of a quantity of interest, $Q(Z)$. The mapping from…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-01-16 Wayne Isaac T. Uy , Mircea D. Grigoriu

A central challenge in password security is to characterize the attacker's guessing curve i.e., what is the probability that the attacker will crack a random user's password within the first $G$ guesses. A key challenge is that the guessing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Jeremiah Blocki , Peiyuan Liu

Probability estimation by maximum entropy reconstruction of an initial relative frequency estimate from its projection onto a hypergraph model of the approximate conditional independence relations exhibited by it is investigated. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-05 Michael Pittarelli

A short sample sequence of a finite-length pulse signal allows for its reconstruction only if the signal has a sparse representation in some basis. The recurrence of the pulse allows for a statistical approach to its reconstruction. We…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-15 Marek W. Rupniewski

The method of Maximum (relative) Entropy (ME) is used to translate the information contained in the known form of the likelihood into a prior distribution for Bayesian inference. The argument is guided by intuition gained from the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-11-10 Ariel Caticha , Roland Preuss

The word-frequency distribution of a text written by an author is well accounted for by a maximum entropy distribution, the RGF (random group formation)-prediction. The RGF-distribution is completely determined by the a priori values of the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-10-03 Xiao-Yong Yan , Petter Minnhagen

We propose a method to derive the stationary size distributions of a system, and the degree distributions of networks, using maximisation of the Gibbs-Shannon entropy. We apply this to a preferential attachment-type algorithm for systems of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-03-17 Cornelia Metzig , Caroline Colijn

We explore the asymptotic distributions of sequences of integer-valued additive functions defined on the symmetric group endowed with the Ewens probability measure as the order of the group increases. Applying the method of factorial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-04-10 Tatjana Bakšajeva , Eugenijus Manstavičius

The paper considers the classical Goodness of Fit test. It suggests to use the Gamma distribution for the approximation of the distribution of the Pearson statistics with unknown parameters estimated from raw data. The parameters of these…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-05-21 Nikolai Dokuchaev

The article introduces corrections to Zipf's and Heaps' laws based on systematic models of the proportion of hapaxes, i.e., words that occur once. The derivation rests on two assumptions: The first one is the standard urn model which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Łukasz Dębowski

We determine the distributions of lengths of runs in random sequences of elements from a totally ordered set (total order) or partially ordered set (partial order). In particular, we produce novel formulae for the expected value, variance,…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-15 Tanner Reese

Probabilistic embeddings have several advantages over deterministic embeddings as they map each data point to a distribution, which better describes the uncertainty and complexity of data. Many works focus on adjusting the distribution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Xiang Huang , Hao Peng , Li Sun , Hui Lin , Chunyang Liu , Jiang Cao , Philip S. Yu