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The rotation of a star and the revolutions of its planets are not necessarily aligned. This article reviews the measurement techniques, key findings, and theoretical interpretations related to the obliquities (spin-orbit angles) of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-23 Simon H. Albrecht , Rebekah I. Dawson , Joshua N. Winn

The Palomar High-precision Astrometric Search for Exoplanet Systems (PHASES) monitored 51 subarcsecond binary systems to evaluate whether tertiary companions as small as Jovian planets orbited either the primary or secondary stars,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Matthew W. Muterspaugh , Benjamin F. Lane , S. R. Kulkarni , Maciej Konacki , Bernard F. Burke , M. M. Colavita , M. Shao

For the eclipsing binary system CM Draconis, eclipse minimum times have been monitored with high precision between 1994 and 1999. Periodic deviations of minimum times from a linear ephemeris may indicate the presence of an orbiting third…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. J. Deeg , L. R. Doyle , V. P. Kozhevnikov , J. E. Blue , E. L. Martin , J. Schneider

Formation models in which terrestrial bodies grow via the pairwise accretion of planetesimals have been reasonably successful at reproducing the general properties of the solar system, including small body populations. However, planetesimal…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-20 Spencer C. Wallace , Thomas R. Quinn

This paper uses an inductive method to investigate the factors responsible for variations in planetary-rotation periods. I began by showing the presence of a correlation between the masses of planets and their rotation periods. Then I…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-06-16 Gizachew Tiruneh

Studying the orbital stability of multi-planet systems is essential to understand planet formation, estimate the stable time of an observed planetary system, and advance population synthesis models. Although previous studies have primarily…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-01 Sheng Yang , Liangyu Wu , Zekai Zheng , Masahiro Ogihara , Kangrou Guo , Wenzhan Ouyang , Yaxing He

Exoplanetary systems that contain multiple planets on short-period orbits appear to be prevalent in the current observed exoplanetary population, yet the processes that give rise to such configurations remain poorly understood. A common…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-30 Raluca Rufu , Robin M. Canup

The limited completeness of the Kepler sample for planets with orbital periods $\gtrsim$ 1 yr leaves open the possibility that exoplanetary systems may host undetected giant planets. Should such planets exist, their dynamical interactions…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-20 T. O. Hands , R. D. Alexander

We present a systematic methodology to determine and locate analytically isolated periodic points of discrete and continuous dynamical systems with algebraic nature. We apply this method to a wide range of examples, including a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-10-27 Armengol Gasull , Víctor Mañosa

With the increasing number of detected exoplanet samples, the statistical properties of planetary systems have become much clearer. In this review, we summarize the major statistics that have been revealed mainly by radial velocity and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 J. -L. Zhou , J. -W. Xie , H. -G. Liu , H. Zhang , Y. -S. Sun

The high occurrence rates of spiral arms and large central clearings in protoplanetary disks, if interpreted as signposts of giant planets, indicate that gas giants form commonly as companions to young stars ($<$ few Myr) at orbital…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-03 Sean D. Brittain , Joan R. Najita , Ruobing Dong , Zhaohuan Zhu

It is well established that certain detached eclipsing binary stars exhibit apsidal motions whose value is in disagreement with with calculated deviations from Keplerian motion based on tidal effects and the general theory of relativity.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 S. A. Khodykin , A. I. Zakharov , W. L. Andersen

We develop an idealized dynamical model to predict the typical properties of outer extrasolar planetary systems, at radii beyond 5 AU. Our hypothesis is that dynamical evolution in outer planetary systems is controlled by a combination of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Sean N. Raymond , Philip J. Armitage , Noel Gorelick

Over time, tides synchronize the rotation periods of stars in a binary system to the orbital period. However, if the star exhibits differential rotation then only a portion of it can rotate at the orbital period, so the rotation period at…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-13 Adam S. Jermyn , Jamie Tayar , Jim Fuller

During the late stage of planet formation when Mars-size cores appear, interactions among planetary cores can excite their orbital eccentricities, speed their merges and thus sculpture the final architecture of planet systems. This series…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-13 Huigen Liu , Ji-lin Zhou , S. Wang

Features in the distribution of exoplanet parameters by period demonstrate that the distribution of planet parameters is rich with information that can provide essential guidance to understanding planet histories. Structure has been found…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-09 Stuart F. Taylor

Measurements of accretion rates onto planetary mass objects may distinguish between different planet formation mechanisms, which predict different accretion histories. In this Letter, we use \HST/WFC3 UVIS optical photometry to measure…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Yifan Zhou , Gregory J. Herczeg , Adam L. Kraus , Stanimir Metchev , Kelle Cruz

We explore the orbital dynamics of systems consisting of three planets, each as massive as the Earth, on coplanar, initially circular, orbits about a star of one solar mass. The initial semimajor axes of the planets are equally spaced in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-12 Jack J. Lissauer , Sacha Gavino

We present a simple dynamical systems model for the effect of invisible space dimensions on the visible ones. There are three premises. A: Orbits consist of flows of probabilities [P].which is the case in the setting of quantum mechanics.…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Boyarsky , P. Gora

We study orbital inclination changes associated with the precession of a disc-planet system that occurs through gravitational interaction with a binary companion on an inclined orbit. We investigate whether this scenario can account for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-02-14 M. Xiang-Gruess , J. C. B. Papaloizou