Related papers: Physics of the intra-cluster medium at high redshi…
We discuss the differences and analogies of gravitational clustering in finite and infinite systems. The process of collective, or violent, relaxation leading to the formation of quasi-stationary states is one of the distinguished features…
The presence of magnetic fields in the intra-cluster medium of galaxy clusters is now well estabilished. It is directly revealed by the presence of cluster-wide radio sources: radio halos and radio relics. In the last years increasing…
Galactic winds are the primary mechanism by which energy and metals are recycled in galaxies and are deposited into the intergalactic medium. New observations are revealing the ubiquity of this process, particularly at high redshift. We…
In this chapter, we delve into the formation and primary characteristics of two significant components within galaxy clusters: the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) and the intracluster light (ICL). Drawing upon recent and pertinent studies…
The hot intracluster medium (ICM) provides a unique laboratory to test multi-scale physics in numerical simulations and probe plasma physics. Utilizing archival Chandra observations, we measure density fluctuations in the ICM in a sample of…
A large fraction of the stellar mass in galaxy clusters is thought to be contained in the diffuse low surface brightness intracluster light (ICL). Being bound to the gravitational potential of the cluster rather than any individual galaxy,…
While galaxies move through the intracluster medium of their host cluster, they experience a ram pressure which removes at least a significant part of their interstellar medium. This ram pressure stripping appears to be especially important…
The gas clouds of the interstellar medium have a fractal structure, the origin of which has generally been thought to lie in turbulence. The energy of turbulence could come from galactic rotation at large-scale, then cascade down to be…
We consider several mechanisms that possibly affect the evolution of disk galaxies in clusters using analytical models based on a hierarchical clustering scenario. We especially focus on the evolution of disk galaxies in subclusters located…
I summarize what is know about the evolution of galaxies in clusters from the observational point of view presenting results at high (z~1), intermediate (z~0.5) and low (z~0) redshifts. I comment on the comparison between observations and…
To study systematically the evolution on the angular extents of the galaxy, ICM, and dark matter components in galaxy clusters, we compiled the optical and X-ray properties of a sample of 340 clusters with redshifts $<0.5$, based on all the…
In galaxy clusters the entropy distribution of the IntraCluster Plasma modulates the latter's equilibrium within the Dark Matter gravitational wells, as rendered by our Supermodel. We argue the entropy production at the boundary shocks to…
Various cosmological applications of galaxy clusters are presented. Clusters are used to determine the baryon fraction, dark matter distribution and the matter density of the universe. They also contain a wealth of information about…
The high metallicity of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) is generally interpreted on the base of the galactic wind scenario for elliptical galaxies. In this framework, we develop a toy-model to follow the chemical evolution of the ICM,…
Grouping similar objects is a fundamental tool of scientific analysis, ubiquitous in disciplines from biology and chemistry to astronomy and pattern recognition. Inspired by the torque balance that exists in gravitational interactions when…
The distribution on the sky of clusters of galaxies shows significant association with relatively nearby, large, active galaxies. The pattern is that of clusters paired equidistant across a central galaxy with the apparent magnitudes and…
Evolution of the cluster population has been recognized as a powerful cosmological tool. While the present--day abundance of X-ray clusters is degenerate in $\sigma_8$, $n$ and $\Omega_0$, Oukbir and Blanchard (1992, 1997) have pointed out…
Formation of dark matter halos is sensitive to the expansion rate of the Universe and to the growth of structures under gravitational collapse. Virialization of halos heats the gaseous intra-cluster medium to high temperatures, leading to…
We review recent progress in the description of the formation and evolution of galaxy clusters in a cosmological context by using numerical simulations. We focus our presentation on the comparison between simulated and observed X-ray…
Diffuse intracluster light (ICL) has now been observed in nearby and in intermediate redshift clusters. Individual intracluster stars have been detected in the Virgo and Coma clusters and the first color-magnitude diagram and velocity…