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Dark matter, proposed decades ago as a speculative component of the universe, is now known to be the vital ingredient in the cosmos, eight times more abundant than ordinary matter, one quarter of the total energy density and the component…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-15 Jeremiah P. Ostriker , Paul J. Steinhardt

Increasing evidence suggests that most of the energy density of the universe consists of a dark energy component with negative pressure, a ``cosmological constant" that causes the cosmic expansion to accelerate. In this paper, we address…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-15 C. Armendariz-Picon , V. Mukhanov , Paul J. Steinhardt

The case grows ever stronger that the average density of matter, ordinary and dark, is less than the critical density required for a flat universe. However, most of determinations of the mass density have been dynamical, hence sensitive…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Neil J. Cornish , Glenn D. Starkman

The introduction of an interaction for dark energy to the standard cosmology offers a potential solution to the cosmic coincidence problem. We examine the conditions on the dark energy density that must be satisfied for this scenario to be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Micheal S. Berger , Hamed Shojaei

In this paper, it is shown that the cosmological model that was introduced in a sequence of three earlier papers under the title, A Dust Universe Solution to the Dark Energy Problem can be used to analyse and solve the Cosmological…

General Physics · Physics 2008-07-13 James G. Gilson

We examine cyclic phantom models for the universe, in which the universe is dominated sequentially by radiation, matter, and a phantom dark energy field, followed by a standard inflationary phase. Since this cycle repeats endlessly, the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-05-30 Hui-Yiing Chang , Robert J. Scherrer

Cosmological observations strongly suggest the presence of dark energy which comprises the majority of the current energy density of the universe. The equation of state relating the pressure and energy density of this dark energy, p = w…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Eric Gawiser

It is suggested that the true ground state of the world has exactly vanishing vacuum energy and that the cosmological constant that seems to have been observed is due to our region of the universe being stuck in a false vacuum, whose energy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-05-12 S. M. Barr , D. Seckel

There exists a growing body of observational evidence supporting a non-vanishing cosmological constant at the present epoch. We examine the possibility that such a term may arise directly from the potential energy which drove an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Richard A. Frewin , James E. Lidsey

Rising to Mach, the problem of establishing the unity of the physical essence of the Universe on all space-time scales of its evolution is, apparently, one of the main problems in contemporary epistemology. The issues are primarily related…

General Physics · Physics 2019-02-13 Serge F. Timashev

There is now strong evidence that the current energy density of the Universe is dominated by dark energy with an equation of state w<-1/3, which is causing accelerated expansion. The build-up of structure within such Universes is subject to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Will J. Percival

Using the quantum corrected Friedmann equation, obtained from the quantum Raychudhuri equation, and assuming a small mass of the graviton (but consistent with observations and theory), we propose a resolution of the smallness problem(why is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-19 Saurya Das

A phenomenological model is proposed to explain the recent observed cosmological variation of the fine structure constant as an effect of the quantum vacuum, assuming a flat universe with cosmological constant $\Lambda$ in the cases…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-17 Antonio F. Rañada

The recently suggested notion of total mass density for closed universes is extended to closed universes with a positive cosmological constant. Assuming that the matter fields satisfy the dominant energy condition, it is shown that the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-08-23 László B Szabados

The cosmological constant problem is explained by a theory based on the discrete space-time hypothesis. The calculated cosmological constant value is of the order of 10^-52[m]^-2 or equivalent to about 0.7 of the critical mass density. It…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. M. Mok

It is a puzzle why the densities of dark matter and dark energy are nearly equal today when they scale so differently during the expansion of the universe. This conundrum may be solved if there is a coupling between the two dark sectors. In…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-07-09 D. Comelli , M. Pietroni , A. Riotto

We suggest an alternative framework for interpreting the current state of the visible universe. Our approach is based on a dynamical ``Cosmological Constant'' and the starting point is that a decaying vacuum produces matter. As we point…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Manasse R. Mbonye

The exact solution for dynamic of conform-flat space homogeneous since dynamic equation is given. Conform mode of space metric changing in Global time theory has negative energy density. Swap of energy to this mode from another ones lead to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Burlankov

Using q-theory, we show that the electroweak crossover can generate a remnant vacuum energy density \Lambda \sim E_{ew}^8 / E_{planck}^4, with effective electroweak energy scale E_{ew} \sim 10^{3} GeV and reduced Planck-energy scale…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-15 F. R. Klinkhamer , G. E. Volovik

Cosmology struggles with the theoretical problems generated by the observed value and recent emergence of a cosmological constant, in the standard model of cosmology, i.e. the concordance model. We propose to provide a more natural…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-05-08 J. Lorca Espiro , Morgan Le Delliou