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Measurements of the Cosmic Ray Composition with Air Shower Experiments

In this paper we review air shower data related to the mass composition of cosmic rays above 10$^{15}$ eV. After explaining the basic relations between air shower observables and the primary mass and energy of cosmic rays, we present…

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Systematic Differences due to High Energy Hadronic Interaction Models in Air Shower Simulations in the 100 GeV-100 TeV Range

The predictions of hadronic interaction models for cosmic-ray induced air showers contain inherent uncertainties due to limitations of available accelerator data and theoretical understanding in the required energy and rapidity regime.…

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A More Complete Phenomenology of Tau Lepton Induced Air Showers

Many proposed and upcoming experiments seek to observe signals from upward going air showers initiated by tau leptons resulting from neutrino interactions inside the Earth. To save calculation time, event estimations for these observation…

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Probabilistic modeling of Cherenkov emission from particle showers

Subatomic particles can interact with target nuclei in matter or decay in flight, and an individual high-energy particle can induce a particle shower composed of numerous, lower-energy secondaries. These particle showers broadly exhibit…

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Influence of the LPM effect and dielectric suppression on particle air showers

An analysis of the influence of the Landau-Migdal-Pomeranchuk (LPM) effect on the development of air showers initiated by astroparticles is presented. The theory of Migdal is studied and compared with other theoretical methods, particularly…

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Most searches for ultra-high energy (UHE) astrophysical neutrinos look for radio emission from the electromagnetic and hadronic showers produced in their interactions. The radio frequency spectrum and angular distribution depend on the…

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We have investigated some features of the density and arrival time distributions of Cherenkov photons in extensive air showers using the CORSIKA simulation package. The main thrust of this study is to see the effect of hadronic interaction…

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Fast simulation of the Cherenkov light from showers

A method for fast simulation of the Cherenkov light generated by electromagnetic showers is described. The parametrization for the longitudinal profile is used and fluctuations and correlations of the parameters are taken into account in a…

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Measurements and tests of hadronic interactions at ultra-high energies with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Extensive air showers are complex objects, resulting of billions of particle reactions initiated by single cosmic ray at ultra-high-energy. Their characteristics are sensitive both to the mass of the primary cosmic ray and to the details of…

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Density of GeV muons in air showers measured with IceTop

We present a measurement of the density of GeV muons in near-vertical air showers using three years of data recorded by the IceTop array at the South Pole. Depending on the shower size, the muon densities have been measured at lateral…

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Weaver , P. Weigel , A. Weindl , M. J. Weiss , J. Weldert , C. Wendt , J. Werthebach , M. Weyrauch , N. Whitehorn , C. H. Wiebusch , D. R. Williams , M. Wolf , G. Wrede , J. Wulff , X. W. Xu , J. P. Yanez , E. Yildizci , S. Yoshida , S. Yu , T. Yuan , Z. Zhang , P. Zhelnin

LPM effect and dielectric suppression in air showers

An analysis of the influence of the Landau-Migdal-Pomeranchuck (LPM) effect on the development of air showers initiated by astroparticles, is presented. By means of computer simulations using algorithms that emulate Migdal's theory,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. N. Cillis , H. Fanchiotti , C. A. Garcia Canal , S. J. Sciutto

Modified Hadronic Interactions and the future of UHECR observations

Data from multiple experiments suggest that the current interaction models used in Monte Carlo simulations do not correctly reproduce the hadronic interactions in air showers produced by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR). We have…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-06 Jan Ebr , Jiří Blažek , Jakub Vícha , Tanguy Pierog , Eva Santos , Petr Trávníček , Nikolas Denner , Ralf Ulrich

Inferences on Mass Composition and Tests of Hadronic Interactions from 0.3 to 100 EeV using the water-Cherenkov Detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory

We present a new method for probing the hadronic interaction models at ultra-high energy and extracting details about mass composition. This is done using the time profiles of the signals recorded with the water-Cherenkov detectors of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-10-20 The Pierre Auger Collaboration , A. Aab , P. Abreu , M. Aglietta , I. Al Samarai , I. F. M. Albuquerque , I. Allekotte , A. Almela , J. Alvarez Castillo , J. Alvarez-Muñiz , G. A. Anastasi , L. Anchordoqui , B. Andrada , S. Andringa , C. Aramo , F. Arqueros , N. Arsene , H. Asorey , P. Assis , J. Aublin , G. Avila , A. M. Badescu , A. Balaceanu , F. Barbato , R. J. Barreira Luz , J. J. Beatty , K. H. Becker , J. A. Bellido , C. Berat , M. E. Bertaina , X. Bertou , P. L. Biermann , J. Biteau , S. G. Blaess , A. Blanco , J. Blazek , C. Bleve , M. Boháčová , D. Boncioli , C. Bonifazi , N. Borodai , A. M. Botti , J. Brack , I. Brancus , T. Bretz , A. Bridgeman , F. L. Briechle , P. Buchholz , A. Bueno , S. Buitink , M. Buscemi , K. S. Caballero-Mora , L. Caccianiga , A. Cancio , F. Canfora , L. Caramete , R. Caruso , A. Castellina , F. Catalani , G. Cataldi , L. Cazon , A. G. Chavez , J. A. Chinellato , J. Chudoba , R. W. Clay , A. Cobos , R. Colalillo , A. Coleman , L. Collica , M. R. Coluccia , R. Conceição , G. Consolati , F. Contreras , M. J. Cooper , S. Coutu , C. E. Covault , J. Cronin , S. D'Amico , B. Daniel , S. Dasso , K. Daumiller , B. R. Dawson , R. M. de Almeida , S. J. de Jong , G. De Mauro , J. R. T. de Mello Neto , I. De Mitri , J. de Oliveira , V. de Souza , J. Debatin , O. Deligny , M. L. Díaz Castro , F. Diogo , C. Dobrigkeit , J. C. D'Olivo , Q. Dorosti , R. C. dos Anjos , M. T. Dova , A. Dundovic , J. Ebr , R. Engel , M. Erdmann , M. Erfani , C. O. Escobar , J. Espadanal , A. Etchegoyen , H. Falcke , J. Farmer , G. Farrar , A. C. Fauth , N. Fazzini , F. Fenu , B. Fick , J. M. Figueira , A. Filipčič , O. Fratu , M. M. Freire , T. Fujii , A. Fuster , R. Gaior , B. García , D. Garcia-Pinto , F. Gaté , H. Gemmeke , A. Gherghel-Lascu , P. L. Ghia , U. Giaccari , M. Giammarchi , M. Giller , D. Głas , C. Glaser , G. Golup , M. Gómez Berisso , P. F. Gómez Vitale , N. González , A. Gorgi , P. 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Prouza , E. J. Quel , S. Querchfeld , S. Quinn , R. Ramos-Pollan , J. Rautenberg , D. Ravignani , J. Ridky , F. Riehn , M. Risse , P. Ristori , V. Rizi , W. Rodrigues de Carvalho , G. Rodriguez Fernandez , J. Rodriguez Rojo , D. Rogozin , M. J. Roncoroni , M. Roth , E. Roulet , A. C. Rovero , P. Ruehl , S. J. Saffi , A. Saftoiu , F. Salamida , H. Salazar , A. Saleh , F. Salesa Greus , G. Salina , F. Sánchez , P. Sanchez-Lucas , E. M. Santos , E. Santos , F. Sarazin , R. Sarmento , C. Sarmiento-Cano , R. Sato , M. Schauer , V. Scherini , H. Schieler , M. Schimp , D. Schmidt , O. Scholten , P. Schovánek , F. G. Schröder , S. Schröder , A. Schulz , J. Schumacher , S. J. Sciutto , A. Segreto , A. Shadkam , R. C. Shellard , G. Sigl , G. Silli , O. Sima , A. Śmiałkowski , R. Šmída , G. R. Snow , P. Sommers , S. Sonntag , R. Squartini , D. Stanca , S. Stanič , J. Stasielak , P. Stassi , M. Stolpovskiy , F. Strafella , A. Streich , F. Suarez , M. Suarez Durán , T. Sudholz , T. Suomijärvi , A. D. Supanitsky , J. Šupík , J. Swain , Z. Szadkowski , A. Taboada , O. A. Taborda , V. M. Theodoro , C. Timmermans , C. J. Todero Peixoto , L. Tomankova , B. Tomé , G. Torralba Elipe , P. Travnicek , M. Trini , R. Ulrich , M. Unger , M. Urban , J. F. Valdés Galicia , I. Valiño , L. Valore , G. van Aar , P. van Bodegom , A. M. van den Berg , A. van Vliet , E. Varela , B. Vargas Cárdenas , G. Varner , R. A. Vázquez , D. Veberič , C. Ventura , I. D. Vergara Quispe , V. Verzi , J. Vicha , L. Villaseñor , S. Vorobiov , H. Wahlberg , O. Wainberg , D. Walz , A. A. Watson , M. Weber , A. Weindl , L. Wiencke , H. Wilczyński , M. Wirtz , D. Wittkowski , B. Wundheiler , L. Yang , A. Yushkov , E. Zas , D. Zavrtanik , M. Zavrtanik , A. Zepeda , B. Zimmermann , M. Ziolkowski , Z. Zong , F. Zuccarello

Signal Characteristics from Electromagnetic Cascades in Ice

We investigate the development of electromagnetic cascades in ice using a GEANT Monte Carlo simulation. We examine the Cherenkov pulse that is generated by the charge excess that develops and propagates with the shower. This study is…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 Soebur Razzaque , Surujhdeo Seunarine , David Z. Besson , Douglas W. McKay

Performance Studies of Layered Water Cherenkov Detectors

Next-generation air-shower detectors, such as the Global Cosmic Ray Observatory (GCOS) and the Probing Extreme PeVatron Sources (PEPS) experiment, are considering water-Cherenkov detectors as a base design. A key factor in improving the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-27 Pierre Billoir , Benjamin Flaggs , Ioana C. Mariş , Andrea Parenti

Simulation and Parameterization of Longitudinal Development in Extensive Air Showers for Different Hadronic Interaction Models

The simulation analysis of the Extensive Air Showers (EAS) was executed by exploring the longitudinal development employing the AIRES system (version 19.04.00) for several hadronic interaction models (SIBYLL, QGSJET, and EPOS) for high…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2022-02-21 Kadhom F. Fadhel , A. A. Al-Rubaiee

Ultra-Fast Hadronic Calorimetry

Calorimeters for particle physics experiments with integration time of a few ns will substantially improve the capability of the experiment to resolve event pileup and to reject backgrounds. In this paper the time development of hadronic…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-05-24 Dmitri Denisov , Strahinja Lukić , Nikolai Mokhov , Sergei Striganov , Predrag Ujić

Investigation of energy spectrum and chemical composition of primary cosmic rays in 1-100 PeV energy range with a UAV-borne installation

A new project is developed with the implementation of a relatively new method of studying the primary cosmic ray -- the registration of extensive air showers' optical Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation (Cherenkov light) reflected from the snow…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-30 D. Chernov , E. Bonvech , M. Finger , M. Finger , V. Galkin , V. Ivanov , D. Podgrudkov , T. Roganova , I. Vaiman

Monte Carlo simulations of air showers in atmospheric electric fields

The development of cosmic ray air showers can be influenced by atmospheric electric fields. Under fair weather conditions these fields are small, but the strong fields inside thunderstorms can have a significant effect on the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-20 S. Buitink , T. Huege , H. Falcke , D. Heck , J. Kuijpers

Testing Hadronic Interaction Models with Cosmic Ray Measurements at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory provides the opportunity to perform unique measurements of cosmic-ray air showers with its combination of a surface array and a deep detector. Electromagnetic particles and low-energy muons ($\sim$GeV) are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-21 Stef Verpoest , Dennis Soldin , Sam De Ridder