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Related papers: Stellar Abundances in the Early Galaxy and Two r-P…

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We present the abundance analyses for the neutron-capture elements, and discuss the observed abundance distributions in very metal-poor stars with excesses of r-process elements. As has been found by previous abundance studies, the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 S. Honda , W. Aoki , T. Kajino , H. Ando , T. C. Beers , H. Izumiura , K. Sadakane , M. Takada-Hidai

The abundances of r-process elements of very metal-poor stars capture the history of the r-process enrichment in the early stage of star formation in a galaxy. Currently, various types of astrophysical sites including neutron star mergers,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-06-09 Yuta Tarumi , Kenta Hotokezaka , Paz Beniamini

From newly-obtained high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra the abundances of the elements La and Eu have been determined over the stellar metallicity range -3<[Fe/H]<+0.3 in 159 giant and dwarf stars. Lanthanum is predominantly…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 J. Simmerer , C. Sneden , J. J. Cowan , J. Collier , V. M. Woolf , J. E. Lawler

The chemical abundances of the metal-poor stars in the stellar stream provide important information for setting constraints on models of neutron-capture processes. The study of these stars could give us a better understanding of r-process…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Hongjie Li , Shuai Liang , Wenyuan Cui , Bo Zhang

The astrophysical origin of the rapid neutron-capture process (r-process), which produces about half of the elements heavier than iron, remains uncertain. The oldest, most metal-poor stars preserve the chemical signatures of early…

The chemical abundances of metal-poor stars are an excellent test bed by which to set new constraints on models of neutron-capture processes at low metallicity. Some r-process-rich (hereafter r-rich) metal-poor stars, such as HD221170, show…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2010-10-25 Jiang Zhang , Wenyuan Cui , Bo Zhang

To better characterize the abundance patterns produced by the r-process, we have derived new abundances or upper limits for the heavy elements zinc (Zn), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), europium (Eu), and lead (Pb). Our sample of 161…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 I. U. Roederer , J. J. Cowan , A. I. Karakas , K. -L. Kratz , M. Lugaro , J. Simmerer , K. Farouqi , C. Sneden

We report abundance analyses of three extremely metal-poor stars with [Fe/H] $\lesssim -3$, using the Subaru High Dispersion Spectrograph (HDS). All are found to have sub-solar values of [Eu/Fe]. Comparison with our chemical evolution model…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Yuhri Ishimaru , Shinya Wanajo , Wako Aoki , Sean G. Ryan

Elements heavier than zinc are synthesized through the (r)apid and (s)low neutron-capture processes. The main site of production of the r-process elements (such as europium) has been debated for nearly 60 years. Initial studies of chemical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-09-22 Alexander P. Ji , Anna Frebel , Anirudh Chiti , Joshua D. Simon

Ground- and space-based observations of stellar heavy element abundances are providing a clearer picture of the chemical evolution of the Galaxy. A large number of (r)apid and (s)low neutron capture process elements, including the first…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 John J Cowan , Christopher Sneden , James W Truran , Debra L Burris

The abundance patterns of metal-poor stars provide us a wealth of chemical information about various stages of the chemical evolution of the Galaxy. In particular, these stars allow us to study the formation and evolution of the elements…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-04-14 Anna Frebel

Metal-poor stars in the Milky Way (MW) halo display large star-to-star dispersion in their r-process abundance relative to lighter elements. This suggests a chemically diverse and unmixed interstellar medium (ISM) in the early Universe.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-06-14 A. N. Kolborg , E. Ramirez-Ruiz , D. Martizzi , P. Macias , M. Soares-Furtado

Abundance observations indicate the presence of rapid-neutron capture (i.e., r-process) elements in old Galactic halo and globular cluster stars. These observations demonstrate that the earliest generations of stars in the Galaxy,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-23 J. J. Cowan , C. Sneden

We examine the Pb and Th abundances in 27 metal-poor stars (-3.1 < [Fe/H] < -1.4) whose very heavy metal (Z > 56) enrichment was produced only by the rapid (r-) nucleosynthesis process. New abundances are derived from HST/STIS, Keck/HIRES,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Ian U. Roederer , Karl-Ludwig Kratz , Anna Frebel , Norbert Christlieb , Bernd Pfeiffer , John J. Cowan , Christopher Sneden

Context. Thanks to the heroic observational campaigns carried out in recent years we now have large samples of metal-poor stars for which measurements of detailed abundances exist. [...] These data hold important clues on the nature of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2014-05-08 Gabriele Cescutti , Cristina Chiappini

The stellar record of elemental abundances in satellite galaxies is important to identify the origin of r-process because such a small stellar system could have hosted a single r-process event, which would distinguish member stars that are…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-29 Takuji Tsujimoto , Tadafumi Matsuno , Wako Aoki , Miho N. Ishigaki , Toshikazu Shigeyama

Investigations of elemental abundances in the ancient and most metal deficient stars are extremely important because they serve as tests of variable nucleosynthesis pathways and can provide critical inferences of the type of stars that…

Accurate relative abundances have been obtained for a sample of 21 mildly metal-poor stars from the analysis of high resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra. With these accurate results, correlations between relative abundances have…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Jehin , P. Magain , C. Neuforge , A. Noels , G. Parmentier , A. Thoul

Various nucleosynthesis studies have pointed out that the r-process elements in very metal-poor (VMP) halo stars might have different origins. By means of familiar concepts from statistics (correlations, cluster analysis, rank tests of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-20 Khalil Farouqi , Friedrich-Karl Thielemann , Stephan Rosswog , Karl-Ludwig Kratz

Abundance observations indicate the presence of rapid-neutron capture (i.e., r-process) elements in old Galactic halo and globular cluster stars. These observations provide insight into the nature of the earliest generations of stars in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-29 J. J. Cowan , C. Sneden , J. E. Lawler , E. A. Den Hartog