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We develop a technique for estimating the inner eccentricity in hierarchical triple systems, with the inner orbit being initially circular, while the outer one is eccentric. We consider coplanar systems with well separated components and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-08-27 Nikolaos Georgakarakos

A hierarchical three-body model can be widely applied to diverse astrophysical settings, from satellite-planet-star systems to binaries around supermassive black holes. The octupole-order perturbation on the inner binary from the tertiary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-07 Xiumin Huang , Dong Lai , Bin Liu

We analyze the secular evolution of hierarchical triple systems to second-order in the quadrupolar perturbation induced on the inner binary by the distant third body. The Newtonian three-body equations of motion, expanded in powers of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-10 Clifford M. Will

(abbreviated) We use a semi-numerical approach to study the secular behavior of a system composed of a central star and two massive planets in eccentric co-planar orbits. We show that the secular dynamics of this system can be described…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 T. A. Michtchenko , R. Malhotra

Binary-binary interactions are important in a number of astrophysical contexts including dense stellar systems such as globular clusters. Although less frequent than binary-single encounters, binary-binary interactions lead to a much richer…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-03-18 Adrian S. Hamers , Johan Samsing

We develop a technique for estimating the inner eccentricity in hierarchical triple systems with well separated components. We investigate systems with initially circular and coplanar orbits and comparable masses. The technique is based on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-08-26 Nikolaos Georgakarakos

In this work, we search for observational evidence of higher-order secular perturbations in three eclipsing binaries. These are slightly eccentric binaries, and they form the inner pairs of tight, compact, hierarchical triple star systems.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-14 Tamás Borkovits , Tibor Mitnyan

The discovery of multi-planet extrasolar systems has kindled interest in using their orbital evolution as a probe of planet formation. Accurate descriptions of planetary orbits identify systems which could hide additional planets or be in a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Dimitri Veras , Eric B. Ford

Binary-single interactions play a crucial role in the evolution of dense stellar systems such as globular clusters. In addition, they are believed to drive black hole (BH) binary mergers in these systems. A subset of binary-single…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-01 Adrian S. Hamers , Johan Samsing

Binary and multiple star systems are extreme environments for the formation and long-term presence of extrasolar planets. Circumstellar planets are subject to gravitational perturbations from the distant companion star, and this interaction…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-06 Ákos Bazsó , Elke Pilat-Lohinger

We study the long-term evolution of selected hierarchical triple systems in Newtonian gravity. We employ analytic equations derived in Paper II for the evolution of orbit-averaged orbital elements for both inner and outer orbits, which…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-11 Landen Conway , Clifford M. Will

We study the perturbations of a relatively close third star on a tidally distorted eccentric eclipsing binary. We consider both the observational consequences of the variations of the orbital elements and the interactions of the stellar…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 T. Borkovits , E. Forgács-Dajka , Zs. Regály

We construct a secular theory of a coplanar system of N-planets not involved in strong mean motion resonances, and which are far from collision zones. Besides the point-to-point Newtonian mutual interactions, we consider the general…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Cezary Migaszewski , Krzysztof Gozdziewski

We analyze the long-term evolution of hierarchical triple systems in Newtonian gravity to second order in the quadrupolar perturbation parameter, and to sixth order in $\epsilon = a/A$, the ratio of the semimajor axes of the inner and outer…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-29 Landen Conway , Clifford M. Will

We present an analytical formalism to study the secular dynamics of a system consisting of N-2 planets orbiting a binary star in outer orbits. We introduce a canonical coordinate system and expand the disturbing function in terms of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-08 Eduardo Andrade-Ines , Philippe Robutel

We study the secular, hierarchical three-body problem to first-order in a post-Newtonian expansion of General Relativity. We expand the first-order post-Newtonian Hamiltonian to leading-order in the ratio of the semi-major axis of the two…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Smadar Naoz , Bence Kocsis , Abraham Loeb , Nicolas Yunes

We investigate the hierarchical gravitational three-body problem, in which a binary is perturbed by a distant object that orbits on a Keplerian ellipse around the binary itself. This phenomenon, known as Kozai-Lidov mechanism in the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2022-06-28 Barnabás Deme

Planet-planet perturbations can cause planets' orbital elements to change on secular timescales. Previous work has evaluated the nodal precession rate for planets in the limit of low $\alpha$ (semi-major axis ratio, 0$<$$\alpha$$\leq$1).…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-06 Nora Bailey , Daniel Fabrycky

Triple systems with low hierarchical structure are common throughout the Universe, including examples such as high-altitude lunar satellites influenced by the Earth, planetary satellites perturbed by the Sun, and stellar binaries affected…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-21 Hanlun Lei , Evgeni Grishin

The SecularMultiple code, presented in two previous papers of this series, integrates the long-term dynamical evolution of multiple systems with any number of bodies and hierarchical structure, provided that the system is composed of nested…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-29 Adrian S. Hamers