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Related papers: Accretion in the Early Kuiper Belt II. Fragmentati…

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How big were the first planetesimals? We attempt to answer this question by conducting coagulation simulations in which the planetesimals grow by mutual collisions and form larger bodies and planetary embryos. The size frequency…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Alessandro Morbidelli , William Bottke , David Nesvorny , Harold F. Levison

Exoplanet observations have shown that the occurrence and orbital architectures of close-in super-Earths and sub-Neptunes are shaped by the presence of outer gas giant planets. This influence may emerge during the formation stage or from…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-04 Marcela Best , Antranik A. Sefilian , Carolina Charalambous , Kedron Silsbee , Cristobal Petrovich

A quarter of DA white dwarfs are metal polluted, yet elements heavier than helium sink down through the stellar atmosphere on timescales of days. Hence, these white dwarfs must be currently accreting material containing heavy elements.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Amy Bonsor , Alexander Mustill , Mark Wyatt

Fragmentation of the planetesimals is found to play a role whose importance is greater than previously believed and depends on the average characteristic size of the primordial planetesimals but not on their mass distribution. In the small…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-22 P. Barge , R. Pellat

Most of planet formation models that incorporate planetesimal fragmentation consider a catastrophic impact energy threshold for basalts at a constant velocity of 3 km/s during all the process of the formation of the planets. However, as…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-29 I. L. San Sebastián , O. M. Guilera , M. G. Parisi

Planetesimal accretion is a key source for heavy-element enrichment in giant planets. It has been suggested that Jupiter's enriched envelope is a result of planetesimal accretion during its growth assuming it formed in a massive…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-21 Sho Shibata , Ravit Helled , Hiroshi Kobayashi

We combine several constraints provided by the crater records on Arrokoth and the worlds of the Pluto system to compute the size-frequency distribution (SFD) of the crater production function for craters with diameter D<10km. For this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-20 A. Morbidelli , D. Nesvorny , W. F. Bottke , S. Marchi

The formation of giant planets requires accumulation of ~10 Earth mass in solids; but how do protoplanets acquire their mass? There are many, often competing processes that regulate the accretion rate of protoplanets. To assess their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Chris Ormel , Hiroshi Kobayashi

In the standard scenario of planet formation, terrestrial planets and the cores of the giant planets are formed by accretion of planetesimals. As planetary embryos grow the planetesimal velocity dispersion increases due to gravitational…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-05-21 O. M. Guilera , G. C. de Elía , A. Brunini , P. J. Santamaría

Some scenarios for planetesimal formation go through a phase of collapse of gravitationally bound clouds of mm-cm-sized pebbles. Such clouds can form for example through the streaming instability in protoplanetary disks. We model the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-25 Karl Wahlberg Jansson , Anders Johansen , Mohtashim Bukhari Syed , Jürgen Blum

One of the most challenging problems we face in our understanding of planet formation is how Jupiter and Saturn could have formed before the the solar nebula dispersed. The most popular model of giant planet formation is the so-called 'core…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 H. F. Levison , E. Thommes , M. J. Duncan

Planetary embryos are built through the collisional growth of 10-100 km sized objects called planetesimals, a formerly large population of objects, of which asteroids, comets and Kuiper-Belt objects represent the leftovers from planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-09 Brooke Polak , Hubert Klahr

Escalating observations of exo-minor planets and their destroyed remnants both passing through the solar system and within white dwarf planetary systems motivate an understanding of the orbital history and fate of exo-Kuiper belts and…

We investigate whether coagulation models of planet formation can explain the observed size distributions of transneptunian objects (TNOs). Analyzing published and new calculations, we demonstrate robust relations between the size of the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Scott J. Kenyon , Benjamin C. Bromley

We numerically investigate the possibility of planetesimal accretion in circumbinary disks, under the coupled influence of both stars' secular perturbations and friction due to the gaseous component of the protoplanetary disk. We focus on…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Hans Scholl , Francesco Marzari , Philippe Thebault

We use optical data on 10 Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) to investigate their rotational properties. Of the 10, three (30%) exhibit light variations with amplitude delta_m >= 0.15 mag, and 1 out of 10 (10%) has delta_m >= 0.40 mag, which is in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Pedro Lacerda , Jane Luu

Observations of exoplanetary spectra are leading to unprecedented constraints on their atmospheric elemental abundances, particularly O/H, C/H, and C/O ratios. Recent studies suggest that elemental ratios could provide important constraints…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-09 Arazi Pinhas , Nikku Madhusudhan , Cathie Clarke

Planetesimal belts are invoked to explain the prolonged existence of debris disks. Important parameters to model their collisional evolution and to compute the dust production rate are the intrinsic probability of collision $P_i$ and the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-18 F. Marzari , A. Dell'Oro

We present here the analysis of about 19,500 new star hours of low ecliptic latitude observations (|b| < 20 deg) obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope's FGS over a time span of more than nine years; which is an addition to the 12,000 star…

Binary solar system objects are common and range from satellite systems with very large mass ratios $M_1/M_2$ to mass ratios very close to unity. A well-known example of a binary is the Pluto-Charon system. With Charon only eight times less…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-20 T. J. Konijn , R. G. Visser , C. Dominik , C. W. Ormel