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Diffusion pore imaging is an extension of diffusion-weighted nuclear magnetic resonance imaging enabling the direct measurement of the shape of arbitrarily formed, closed pores by probing diffusion restrictions using the motion of…
We propose a novel x-ray imaging system, Multi-Image X-ray Interferometer Module (MIXIM), with which a very high angular resolution can be achieved even with a small system size. MIXIM is composed of equally-spaced multiple slits and an…
Modern optical spectrographs and optical interferometers push the limits in the spectral and spatial regime, providing important new tools for the exploration of the universe. In this contribution I outline the complementary nature of…
The design of a complex phase mask (CPM) for inscribing aperiodic filters in fibers is presented. The complex structure of the mask surface relief consists of discrete aperiodic phase-steps at periodic intervals. We show that the…
Resolving fine details of astronomical objects provides critical insights into their underlying physical processes. This drives in part the desire to construct ever-larger telescopes and interferometer arrays and to observe at shorter…
Using kilometric arrays of air Cherenkov telescopes, intensity interferometry may increase the spatial resolution in optical astronomy by an order of magnitude, enabling images of rapidly rotating stars with structures in their…
Due to feedback from accretion onto supermassive black holes (SMBHs), Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) are believed to play a key role in LambdaCDM cosmology and galaxy formation. However, AGNs' extreme luminosities and the small angular size…
Scattering can rapidly degrade our ability to form an optical image, to the point where only speckle-like patterns can be measured. Truly non-invasive imaging through a strongly scattering obstacle is difficult, and usually reliant on a…
Microscopy enables detailed visualization and understanding of minute structures or processes. While cameras have significantly advanced optical, infrared, and electron microscopy, imaging nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals on a…
Quasi-static speckles are a current limitation to faint companion imaging of bright stars. Here we show through simulation and theory that an adaptive pupil mask can be used to reduce these speckles and increase the visibility of faint…
Speckle imaging is a well known method to achieve diffraction-limited (DL) imaging from ground-based telescopes. The traditional observing method for speckle has been to observe a single, unresolved, source per telescope pointing over a…
The current status of the high spatial resolution imaging interferometry in optical astronomy is reviewed in the light of theoretical explanation, as well as of experimental constraints that exist in the present day technology. The basic…
Improving the resolution of fluorescence microscopy beyond the diffraction limit can be achievedby acquiring and processing multiple images of the sample under different illumination conditions.One of the simplest techniques, Random…
A new generation of interferometric instruments is emerging which aim to use intensity mapping of redshifted $21\,$cm radiation to measure the large-scale structure of the Universe at $z\simeq 1-2$ over wide areas of sky. While these…
A lens performs an approximately one-to-one mapping from the object to the image planes. This mapping in the image plane is maintained within a depth of field (or referred to as depth of focus, if the object is at infinity). This…
The Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) is a widely used technique for modeling linear propagation of electromagnetic waves through stratified layered media. However, since its extension to inhomogeneous and nonlinear systems is not…
Interferometric techniques such as aperture masking have the potential to enhance spatial resolution capabilities when imaging moderate-contrast sources with small angular size, such as close-in exoplanets and circumstellar disks around…
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusion measurements are widely used to derive parameters indirectly related to the microstructure of biological tissues and porous media. However, a direct imaging of cell or pore shapes and sizes would…
Quantum entanglement-based imaging promises significantly increased resolution by extending the spatial separation of optical collection apertures used in very-long-baseline interferometry for astronomy and geodesy. We report a table-top…
The initial demonstrations over the last several years of the use of optical diffraction radiation (ODR) as non-intercepting electron-beam-parameter monitors are reviewed. Developments in both far-field imaging and near-field imaging are…