Related papers: Spallative Nucleosynthesis in Supernova Remnants. …
There have been suggestions that the abundance of Extremely Metal-Poor (EMP) stars can be reproduced by Hypernovae (HNe), not by normal supernovae (SNe). However, recently it was also suggested that if the innermost neutron-rich or…
We present the first detection of beryllium in two turnoff stars of the old, metal-poor globular cluster NGC 6397. The beryllium lines are clearly detected and we determine a mean beryllium abundance of log(Be/H)=-12.35 +/- 0.2. The…
Abundances of beryllium in metal-poor stars scale linearly with metallicity down to [Fe/H] ~ -3.0. In the stars where Be has been detected at this extremely metal-poor regime, an increased abundance scatter has been previously reported.…
Hydrodynamics and explosive nucleosynthesis in bipolar supernova explosions are examined to account for some peculiar properties of hypernovae as well as peculiar abundance patterns of metal-poor stars. The explosion is supposed to be…
During its hot, dense, early evolution the Universe was a primordial nuclear reactor, synthesizing the light nuclides D, 3He, 4He and 7Li in the first thousand seconds. The presently observed abundances of these relic nuclides provide a…
This review concentrates on nucleosynthesis processes in general and their applications to massive stars and supernovae. A brief initial introduction is given to the physics in astrophysical plasmas which governs composition changes. We…
The physics of the standard hot big bang cosmology ensures that the early Universe was a primordial nuclear reactor, synthesizing the light nuclides (D, 3He, 4He, and 7Li) in the first 20 minutes of its evolution. After an overview of…
The nucleosynthesis of light elements, from helium up to silicon, mainly occurs in Red Giant and Asymptotic Giant Branch stars and Novae. The relative abundances of the synthesized nuclides critically depend on the rates of the nuclear…
In this study we present two indicators that will reflect the difference between collapsars and normal collapse-driven supernovae. They are products of explosive nucleosynthesis and neutrino emission. In the collapsar model, it is natural…
Primordial or Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) is one of the three strong evidences for the Big- Bang model together with the expansion of the Universe and the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation. In this study, we improve the standard BBN…
Explosive nucleosynthesis is a combination of the nuclear physics of thermonuclear reactions, and the hydrodynamics of the plasma in which the reactions occur. It depends upon the initial conditions---the stellar evolution up to the…
Nuclear interactions of ions accelerated at the surface of flaring stars can produce fresh isotopes in stellar atmospheres. Although this nucleosynthesis is not significant for the chemical evolution of the Galaxy, it can be important for a…
We discuss nuclear reactions which could play a role in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). Most of these reactions involve lithium and beryllium isotopes and the rates for some of these have not previously been included in BBN calculations.…
Many models of new physics including variants of supersymmetry predict metastable long-lived particles that can decay during or after primordial nucleosynthesis, releasing significant amounts of non-thermal energy. The hadronic energy…
Planetary nebulae (PN) are an excellent laboratory to investigate the nucleosynthesis and chemical evolution of intermediate mass stars. In these objects accurate abundances can be obtained for several chemical elements that are…
We study the few body reactions in explosive nucleosynthesis of light-to-heavy mass elements in various astrophysical conditions. In neutrino-driven winds of gravitational core collapse of SNeII, several light nuclei as well as heavy…
Neutrinos produced during a supernova explosion induce reactions on abundant nuclei in the outer stellar shells and contribute in this way to the synthesis of the elements in the Universe. This neutrino nucleosynthesis process has been…
We calculate Galactic Chemical Evolution (GCE) of Mo and Ru by taking into account the contribution from $\nu p$-process nucleosynthesis. We estimate yields of $p$-nuclei such as $^{92,94}\mathrm{Mo}$ and $^{96,98}\mathrm{Ru}$ through the…
We update the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis calculations on the basis of the recent NACRE compilation. The average values of the calculated abundances of light nuclei do not differ significantly from that obtained using the previous Fowler's…
The $\gamma$-process in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) can produce a number of neutron-deficient stable isotopes heavier than iron (p-nuclei). However, current model predictions do to not fully reproduce the solar abundances. We…