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The interior structure of the Sun can be studied with great accuracy using observations of its oscillations, similar to seismology of the Earth. Precise agreement between helioseismological measurements and predictions of theoretical solar…

The ratio of metal abundance to hydrogen abundance of the solar photosphere, $(Z/X)_{s}$, has been revised several times. Standard solar models, based on these revised solar abundances, are in disagreement with seismically inferred results.…

New solar models are presented, which have been computed with the most recent physical inputs (nuclear reaction rates, equation of state, opacities, microscopic diffusion). Rotation-induced mixing has been introduced in a way which includes…

We study the impact of new metallicity measurements, from solar wind data, on the solar model. The "solar modelling problem" refers to the persisting discrepancy between helioseismological observations and predictions of solar models…

Element settling inside the Sun now becomes detectable from the comparison of the observed oscillation modes with the results of the theoretical models. This settling is due, not only to gravitation, but also to thermal diffusion and…

The chemical composition of the Sun is still a highly controversial issue. No solar model has yet been able to simultaneously reproduce the solar lithium and beryllium abundances, along with helioseismic results, including the rotation…

Helioseismology and solar modelling have enjoyed a golden era thanks to decades-long surveys from ground-based networks such as for example GONG, BiSON, IRIS and the SOHO and SDO space missions which have provided high-quality helioseismic…

The He3 abundance is not constrained by helioseismic data. Mixing of He3 inside the solar core by processes not included in the solar standard model (SSM) has been recently proposed as possible solution to the solar neutrino problem. We…

Helioseismology provides a powerful tool to explore the deep interior of the Sun: for example, the adiabatic sound speed can be inferred with an accuracy of a few parts in 10,000. This has become a serious challenge to theoretical models of…

The Sun is believed to have been the recipient of a substantial amount of metal-rich material over the course of its evolution, particularly in the early stages of the Solar System. With a long diffusion timescale, the majority of this…

Solar models using the new lower abundances of Asplund et al. (2005, 2009) or Caffau et al. (2008, 2009) do not agree as well with helioseismic inferences as models that use the higher Grevesse & Noels (1993) or Grevesse & Sauval (1998)…

Recent revisions of the determination of the solar composition have resulted in solar models in marked disagreement with helioseismic inferences. The effect of the composition change on the model is largely caused by the change in the…

We construct updated solar models with different sets of solar abundances, including the most recent determinations by Asplund et al. (2009). The latter work predicts a larger ($\sim 10%$) solar metallicity compared to previous measurements…

Imposing a constraint of the sound-speed profile determined from helioseismology and updating the microphysics, we have revised our seismic solar model, constructed with the assumption of a homogeneous metal abundance distribution, and have…

Estimates of the bulk metal abundance of the Sun derived from the latest generation of model atmospheres are significantly lower than the earlier standard values. In Paper I we demonstrated that a low solar metallicity is inconsistent with…

We calculate accurate solar models and report the detailed time dependences of important solar quantities. We use helioseismology to constrain the luminosity evolution of the sun and report the discovery of semi-convection in evolved solar…

Standard solar models (SSM) constructed in accord with low metal abundances disagree with the seismically inferred results. We constructed rotating solar models with low metal abundances that included enhanced settling and convection…

We examine the constraints imposed by helioseismic data on the solar heavy element abundances. In prior work we argued that the measured depth of the surface convection zone R_CZ and the surface helium abundance Y_surf were good metallicity…

In the past years, a systematic downward revision of the metallicity of the Sun has led to the "solar modeling problem", namely the disagreement between predictions of standard solar models and inferences from helioseismology. Recent solar…

The Sun constitutes an excellent laboratory of fundamental physics. With the advent of helioseismology, we were able to probe its internal layers with unprecedented precision. However, the current state of solar modelling is still stained…