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In this review, recent progress in theoretical models for the broadband (radio through gamma-ray) emission from blazars are summarized. The salient features of both leptonic and hadronic models are reviewed. I present sample modeling…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-05-03 Markus Boettcher

In current theoretical models of the blazar subclass of active galaxies, the broadband emission consists of two components: a low-frequency synchrotron component with a peak in the IR to X-ray band, and a high-frequency inverse Compton…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Y. C. Lin

Blazars emit a highly-variable non-thermal spectrum. It is usually assumed that the same non-thermal electrons are responsible for the IR-optical-UV emission (via synchrotron) and the gamma-ray emission (via inverse Compton). Hence, the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-03-10 Emanuele Sobacchi , Joonas Nättilä , Lorenzo Sironi

We have studied the quasi-simultaneous Spectral Energy Distributions (SED) of 48 LBAS blazars, detected within the three months of the LAT Bright AGN Sample (LBAS) data taking period, combining Fermi and Swift data with radio NIR-Optical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 A. Tramacere , E. Cavazzuti , P. Giommi , N. Mazziotta , C. Monte

Blazars are characterized by large amplitude and fast variability, indicating that the electron distribution is rapidly changing, often on time scales shorter than the light crossing time. We study the time dependent behavior of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Marco Chiaberge , Gabriele Ghisellini

The emission mechanism of the gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is still a matter of debates. The standard synchrotron energy spectrum of cooling electrons F_E ~ E^{-1/2} is much too soft to account for the majority of the observed spectral slopes.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Boris E. Stern , Juri Poutanen

Based on the classical unification, blazars, namely BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs) and flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), are believed to correspond with radio galaxies when observed at small jet viewing angles. In this paper, we aim to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-01 Xu-Hong Ye , Ranieri D. Baldi , Wen-Xin Yang , Jing-Tian Zhu , Denis Bastieri , Rumen S. Bachev , Anton A. Strigachev , Jun-Hui Fan

Our understanding of the unification of jetted AGN has evolved greatly as jet samples have increased in size. Here, based on the largest-ever sample of over 2000 well-sampled jet spectral energy distributions, we examine the synchrotron…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-05-12 Mary Keenan , Eileen T. Meyer , Markos Georganopoulos , Karthik Reddy , Omar J. French

We compare the rise and decay timescales of $\sim$200 long-term ($\sim$weeks-months) GeV and R-band outbursts and $\sim$25 short-term ($\sim$hr-day) GeV flares in a sample of 10 blazars using light curves from the Fermi-LAT and the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-10-24 Namrata Roy , Ritaban Chatterjee , Manasvita Joshi , Aritra Ghosh

We present new Chandra and HST data for four gamma-ray blazars selected on the basis of radio morphology with the aim of revealing X-ray and optical emission from their jets at large scales. All the sources have been detected. Spectral…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 F. Tavecchio , L. Maraschi , A. Wolter , C. C. Cheung , R. M. Sambruna , C. M. Urry

The gamma-ray emission offers a powerful diagnostic tool to probe jets and their surroundings in flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQ). In particular, sources emitting at high energies (>10 GeV) give us the strongest constraints. This…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-18 L. Pacciani , F. Tavecchio , I. Donnarumma , A. Stamerra , L. Carrasco , E. Recillas , A. Porras , M. Uemura

The multiwavelength spectrum of BL Lacertae during its July 1997 outburst is analyzed in terms of different variations of the homogeneous leptonic jet model for the production of high-energy radiation from blazars. We find that a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-14 M. Boettcher , S. D. Bloom

We present a comprehensive temporal and spectral analysis of a few blazars using multi-wavelength observations. Rapid flux variations are quantified via the doubling/halving timescale method, revealing the shortest variability timescales of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-17 Ajay Sharma , Aishwarya Sarath , Sakshi Chaudhary , Debanjan Bose

The broadband emission observed from radio galaxies, BL Lac objects and quasars is thought to be produced by energetic electrons confined in plasma blobs which are ejected from supermassive black holes at relativistic speeds. The lower…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-02-03 Reinhard Schlickeiser , Charles D. Dermer

The physics-determined broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of blazars have been widely used to study the property during their flaring/outburst states, while the non-flaring state takes up most of their lifetime and the general…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-16 Hubing Xiao , Haitao Cao , Rui Xue , Zhihao Ouyang , Shaohua Zhang , Junping Chen , Zhijian Luo , Jianghe Yang , Junhui Fan

We present a study of the distribution of quasars and radio galaxies in the plane (viewing angle - redshift) in the framework of the evolutionary unified scheme (Vagnetti et al. 1991). Results are presented for some illustrative cases,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-22 F. Vagnetti , R. Spera

We present simultaneous Planck, Swift, Fermi, and ground-based data for 105 blazars belonging to three samples with flux limits in the soft X-ray, hard X-ray, and gamma-ray bands. Our unique data set has allowed us to demonstrate that the…

The parsec-scale radio properties of 232 active galactic nuclei (AGNs), most of which are blazars, detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope have been observed contemporaneously by the Very Long…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 J. D. Linford , G. B. Taylor , F. K. Schinzel

We present the results of an extensive analysis of the optical, ultraviolet, X-ray and $\gamma$-ray data collected from the observations of the BL Lac objects prototype BL Lacertae carried out over a period of nearly 13 years, between…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-20 N. Sahakyan , P. Giommi

We present a model of the spectra of gamma-ray emitting blazars in which a single homogeneous emission region both emits synchrotron photons directly and scatters them to high (gamma-ray) energy before emission (a ``synchrotron…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 A. Mastichiadis , J. G. Kirk