Related papers: Galaxy Clustering at z~3
Although field galaxy studies have begun to probe the universe at z > 1, evidence for galaxy clusters at such redshifts has been sparse. New observations are accumulating rapidly, however, providing new data on the early evolution of…
The high-redshift (z>2) galaxies discovered over the last few years with the Lyman-break technique represent, in number density, a major fraction of the galaxies known in the Local Universe. Thus, understanding the properties and the nature…
Due to the invention of new powerful instruments in the recent past (e.g. 10m class telescopes) high redshift galaxies are no longer a curiosity. High redshift young star forming galaxies can be effectively discriminated from the much more…
Combined HST, X-ray, and ground-based optical studies show that clusters of galaxies are largely "in place" by $z \sim 1$, an epoch when the Universe was less than half its present age. High resolution images show that elliptical, S0, and…
Massive galaxies, such as nearby ellipticals, have relatively low number densities, yet they host the majority of the stellar mass in the universe. Understanding their origin is a central problem of galaxy formation. Age dating of stellar…
In the early Universe finding massive galaxies that have stopped forming stars present an observational challenge as their rest-frame ultraviolet emission is negligible and they can only be reliably identified by extremely deep…
Globular clusters will be present at high redshifts, near the very beginning of the galaxy formation process. Stellar evolution ensures that they will be much more luminous than today. We show that the redshift distribution at nano-Jansky…
We review the steps which have led to the discovery of a widespread population of objects at z = 3 with many of the characteristics which we expect for primeval galaxies, and emphasize in particular the advantages of a colour selection…
The Hubble Deep Fields continue to be a valuable resource for studying the distant universe, particularly at z>2 where their comoving volume becomes large enough to encompass several hundred L* galaxies or their progenitors. Here I present…
The high-z progenitors of local massive early-type galaxies should be characterized by a strong level of clustering, larger than that measured for z=3 Lyman Break Galaxies and comparable to that of z~1 EROs. First possible evidences for…
A brief overview on the current status of the census of the early universe population is given. Observational surveys of high redshift galaxies provide direct opportunities to witness the cosmic dawn and to have better understanding of how…
Bulges are a major galaxy component in the nearby universe, and are one of the primary features that differentiates and defines galaxies. The origin of bulges can be directly probed in part by examining distant galaxies to search for high…
The number density and clustering properties of Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) are consistent with them being the central galaxies of the most massive dark halos present at z~3. This conclusion holds in all currently popular hierarchical…
Sensitive optical surveys have revealed a large population of `faint blue galaxies' which are believed to be young galaxies, observed close to their time of formation. But there has been considerable uncertainty regarding the epochs at…
Recent observations show a large concentration of galaxies at high redshift. At first sight strong clustering of galaxies at high redshifts seems to be in contradiction with the models of structure formation. In this paper we show that such…
Clusters of galaxies allow a direct estimate of the metallicity and metal production yield on the largest scale so far. It is argued that cluster metallicity ($\sim 1/3$ solar) should be taken as representative of the low-$z$ universe as a…
We discuss on the early stage of galaxy formation based on recent deep surveys for very high-redshift galaxies, mostly beyond redshift of 6. These galaxies are observed to be strong Lyman$\alpha$ emitters, indicating bursts of massive star…
The most massive galaxies and the richest clusters are believed to have emerged from regions with the largest enhancements of mass density relative to the surrounding space. Distant radio galaxies may pinpoint the locations of the ancestors…
We investigate the clustering properties of high-redshift galaxies within three competing scenarios for assigning luminous galaxies to dark matter halos from N-body simulations: a one galaxy per massive halo model, a quiescent star…
Although the universe at redshifts greater than six represents only the first one billion years (<10%) of cosmic time, the dense nature of the early universe led to vigorous galaxy formation and evolution activity which we are only now…