Related papers: Clusters of Galaxies and the Diffuse Gamma Ray Bac…
In the last eight years, the Chandra and XMM-Newton satellites changed significantly our view of X-ray clusters of galaxies. In particular, several complex phenomena have been directly observed: interactions between cluster galaxies and the…
Clusters of galaxies are the most massive objects in the Universe and precise knowledge of their mass structure is important to understand the history of structure formation and constrain still unknown types of dark contents of the…
The diffuse extragalactic gamma-ray background (EGRB) above 100 MeV encodes unique information about high-energy processes in the universe. Numerous sources for the EGRB have been proposed, but the two systems which are certain to make some…
We have investigated the properties of a group of $\gamma$-ray emitting globular clusters (GCs) which have recently been uncovered in our Galaxy. By correlating the observed $\gamma$-ray luminosities $L_{\gamma}$ with various cluster…
Clusters of galaxies are sites of acceleration of charged particles and sources of non-thermal radiation. We report on new constraints on the population of cosmic rays in the Intra Cluster Medium (ICM) obtained via radio observations of a…
We study the survival of ultrahigh energy nuclei injected in clusters of galaxies, as well as their secondary neutrino and photon emissions, using a complete numerical propagation method and a realistic modeling of the magnetic, baryonic…
The recent IceCube detection of significant neutrino flux from the inner Galactic plane has provided us valuable insights on the spectrum of cosmic rays in our Galaxy. This flux can be produced either by a population of Galactic point…
The secondary/primary cosmic-ray ratios and the diffuse backgrounds of gamma rays and neutrinos provide us with complementary information about the transport of Galactic cosmic rays~(CRs). We used the recent measurement of the diffuse gamma…
Various cosmological applications of galaxy clusters are presented. Clusters are used to determine the baryon fraction, dark matter distribution and the matter density of the universe. They also contain a wealth of information about…
Radio emission in the direction of galaxy clusters is due to the individual emission of AGNs, and to the diffuse non-thermal emission of the intracluster medium (ICM). The population of AGNs in clusters is correlated to the overall halo…
The recent evidences of the presence of magnetic fields and relativistic particles in galaxy clusters are reviewed. The existence of microG-level magnetic fields in cluster atmospheres appears well established from the detection of diffuse…
We describe the ensemble X-ray properties of high redshift clusters with emphasis on changes with respect to the local population. Cluster X-ray luminosity evolution is detected in five nearly independent surveys. The relevant issue now is…
Globular clusters (GCs) are among the oldest and most luminous stellar systems in the Universe, offering unique insights into galaxy formation and evolution. While the physical processes behind their origin have long remained elusive, major…
Recent multifrequency observations contribute to derive a comprehensive picture of the origin and evolution of relativistic particles in galaxy clusters. In this review I briefly discuss theoretical aspects and open problems of this…
In this paper, we present a sample of cluster galaxies devoted to study the environmental influence on the star-formation activity. This sample of galaxies inhabits in clusters showing a rich variety in their characteristics and have been…
Galaxies in clusters are gas-deficient and a number of possible explanations for this observation have been advanced, including galaxy-cluster tidal interactions, galaxy harassment, and ISM-ICM gas stripping. In this paper, we use a…
At the present epoch, clusters of galaxies are known to be a hostile environment for emission-line galaxies, which are more commonly found in low density regions outside of clusters. In contrast, going to higher redshifts the population of…
We present the clustering of galaxy clusters as a useful addition to the common set of cosmological observables. The clustering of clusters probes the large-scale structure of the Universe, extending galaxy clustering analysis to the…
Galaxy Clusters (GCs) are the largest reservoirs of both dark matter and cosmic rays (CRs). Dark matter self-annihilation can lead to a high luminosity in gamma rays and neutrinos, enhanced by a strong degree of clustering in dark matter…
In about 40% of the Local Group galaxies star clusters have been detected so far, but the census is still incomplete. The properties of these clusters are briefly reviewed, and the impact of galaxy environment on the evolution and survival…