Related papers: Cosmic Rays VII. Individual element spectra: predi…

Cosmic ray spectrum of protons plus helium nuclei between 6 TeV and 158 TeV from HAWC data

A measurement with high statistics of the differential energy spectrum of light elements in cosmic rays, in particular, of primary H plus He nuclei, is reported. The spectrum is presented in the energy range from $6$ to $158$ TeV per…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-15 HAWC Collaboration , A. Albert , R. Alfaro , C. Alvarez , J. R. Angeles Camacho , J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez , K. P. Arunbabu , D. Avila Rojas , H. A. Ayala Solares , E. Belmont-Moreno , C. Brisbois , K. S. Caballero-Mora , T. Capistrán , A. Carramiñana , S. Casanova , U. Cotti , J. Cotzomi , E. De la Fuente , R. Diaz Hernandez , M. A. DuVernois , M. Durocher , J. C. Díaz-Vélez , C. Espinoza , N. Fraija , J. A. García-González , F. Garfias , M. M. González , J. A. Goodman , J. P. Harding , B. Hona , D. Huang , F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla , P. Hüntemeyer , A. Iriarte , V. Joshi , D. Kieda , G. J. Kunde , A. Lara , W. H. Lee , H. León Vargas , J. T. Linnemann , A. L. Longinotti , G. Luis-Raya , K. Malone , O. Martinez , J. Martínez-Castro , J. A. Matthews , P. Miranda-Romagnoli , J. A. Morales-Soto , E. Moreno , M. Mostafá , A. Nayerhoda , L. Nellen , M. Newbold , R. Noriega-Papaqui , N. Omodei , E. G. Pérez-Pérez , C. D. Rho , D. Rosa-González , H. Salazar , F. Salesa Greus , A. Sandoval , J. Serna-Franco , A. J. Smith , R. W. Springer , K. Tollefson , I. Torres , R. Torres-Escobedo , F. Ureña-Mena , L. Villaseñor , X. Wang , E. Willox , H. Zhou , C. de León , J. D. Álvarez , G. B. Yodh , A. Zepeda

Spectra of Cosmic Ray Protons and Helium Produced in Supernova Remnants

Data obtained in the ATIC-2 (Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter), CREAM (Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass)) and PAMELA (Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics) experiments suggest that elemental interstellar…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-12 V. S. Ptuskin , V. N. Zirakashvili , E. S. Seo

Precise Measurement of the Cosmic Ray Helium Spectrum above 0.1 PeV

We report a measurement of the cosmic ray helium energy spectrum in the energy interval 0.16 -- 13~PeV, derived by subtracting the proton spectrum from the light component~(proton and helium) spectrum obtained with observations made by the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-02 LHAASO Collaboration , Zhen Cao , F. Aharonian , Y. X. Bai , Y. W. Bao , D. Bastieri , X. J. Bi , Y. J. Bi , W. Bian , J. Blunier , A. V. Bukevich , C. M. Cai , Y. Y. Cai , W. Y. Cao , Zhe Cao , J. Chang , J. F. Chang , E. S. Chen , G. H. Chen , H. K. Chen , L. F. Chen , Liang Chen , Long Chen , M. J. Chen , M. L. Chen , Q. H. Chen , S. Chen , S. H. Chen , S. Z. Chen , T. L. Chen , X. B. Chen , X. J. Chen , X. P. Chen , Y. Chen , N. Cheng , Q. Y. Cheng , Y. D. Cheng , M. Y. Cui , S. W. Cui , X. H. Cui , Y. D. Cui , B. Z. Dai , H. L. Dai , Z. G. Dai , Danzengluobu , Y. X. Diao , A. J. Dong , X. Q. Dong , K. K. Duan , J. H. Fan , Y. Z. Fan , J. Fang , J. H. Fang , K. Fang , C. F. Feng , H. Feng , L. Feng , S. H. Feng , X. T. Feng , Y. Feng , Y. L. Feng , S. Gabici , B. Gao , Q. Gao , W. Gao , W. K. Gao , M. M. Ge , T. T. Ge , L. S. Geng , G. Giacinti , G. H. Gong , Q. B. Gou , M. H. Gu , F. L. Guo , J. Guo , K. J. Guo , X. L. Guo , Y. Q. Guo , Y. Y. Guo , R. P. Han , O. A. Hannuksela , M. Hasan , H. H. He , H. N. He , J. Y. He , X. Y. He , Y. He , S. Hernández-Cadena , B. W. Hou , C. Hou , X. Hou , H. B. Hu , S. C. Hu , C. Huang , D. H. Huang , J. J. Huang , X. L. Huang , X. T. Huang , X. Y. Huang , Y. Huang , Y. Y. Huang , A. Inventar , X. L. Ji , H. Y. Jia , K. Jia , H. B. Jiang , K. Jiang , X. W. Jiang , Z. J. Jiang , M. Jin , S. Kaci , M. M. Kang , I. Karpikov , D. Khangulyan , D. Kuleshov , K. Kurinov , Cheng Li , Cong Li , D. Li , F. Li , H. B. Li , H. C. Li , Jian Li , Jie Li , K. Li , L. Li , R. L. Li , S. D. Li , T. Y. Li , W. L. Li , X. R. Li , Y. Li , Zhe Li , Zhuo Li , E. W. Liang , Y. F. Liang , S. J. Lin , P. Lipari , B. Liu , C. Liu , D. Liu , D. B. Liu , H. Liu , J. Liu , J. L. Liu , J. R. Liu , M. Y. Liu , R. Y. Liu , S. M. Liu , W. Liu , X. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. N. Liu , Y. Q. Lou , Q. Luo , Y. Luo , H. K. Lv , B. Q. Ma , L. L. Ma , X. H. Ma , I. O. Maliy , J. R. Mao , Z. Min , W. Mitthumsiri , Y. Mizuno , G. B. Mou , A. Neronov , K. C. Y. Ng , M. Y. Ni , L. Nie , L. J. Ou , Z. W. Ou , P. Pattarakijwanich , Z. Y. Pei , D. Y. Peng , J. C. Qi , M. Y. Qi , J. J. Qin , D. Qu , A. Raza , C. Y. Ren , D. Ruffolo , A. Sáiz , D. Savchenko , D. Semikoz , L. Shao , O. Shchegolev , Y. Z. Shen , X. D. Sheng , Z. D. Shi , F. W. Shu , H. C. Song , Y. Su , D. X. Sun , H. Sun , J. X. Sun , Q. N. Sun , X. N. Sun , Z. B. Sun , N. H. Tabasam , J. Takata , P. H. T. Tam , H. B. Tan , Q. W. Tang , R. Tang , Z. B. Tang , W. W. Tian , C. N. Tong , L. H. Wan , C. Wang , D. H. Wang , G. W. Wang , H. G. Wang , J. C. Wang , K. Wang , Kai Wang , Kai Wang , L. P. Wang , L. Y. Wang , L. Y. Wang , R. Wang , W. Wang , X. G. Wang , X. J. Wang , X. Y. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. D. Wang , Z. H. Wang , Z. X. Wang , Zheng Wang , D. M. Wei , J. J. Wei , Y. J. Wei , T. Wen , S. S. Weng , C. Y. Wu , H. R. Wu , Q. W. Wu , S. Wu , X. F. Wu , Y. S. Wu , S. Q. Xi , J. Xia , J. J. Xia , G. M. Xiang , D. X. Xiao , G. Xiao , Y. F. Xiao , Y. L. Xin , H. D. Xing , Y. Xing , D. R. Xiong , B. N. Xu , C. Y. Xu , D. L. Xu , R. F. Xu , R. X. Xu , S. S. Xu , W. L. Xu , L. Xue , D. H. Yan , T. Yan , C. W. Yang , C. Y. Yang , F. F. Yang , L. L. Yang , M. J. Yang , R. Z. Yang , W. X. Yang , Z. H. Yang , Z. G. Yao , X. A. Ye , L. Q. Yin , N. Yin , X. H. You , Z. Y. You , Q. Yuan , H. Yue , H. D. Zeng , T. X. Zeng , W. Zeng , X. T. Zeng , M. Zha , B. B. Zhang , B. T. Zhang , C. Zhang , H. Zhang , H. M. Zhang , H. Y. Zhang , J. L. Zhang , J. Y. Zhang , Li Zhang , P. F. Zhang , R. Zhang , S. R. Zhang , S. S. Zhang , S. Y. Zhang , W. Zhang , W. Y. Zhang , X. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , Yi Zhang , Yong Zhang , Z. P. Zhang , J. Zhao , L. Zhao , L. Z. Zhao , S. P. Zhao , X. H. Zhao , Z. H. Zhao , F. Zheng , T. C. Zheng , B. Zhou , H. Zhou , J. N. Zhou , M. Zhou , P. Zhou , R. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , B. Y. Zhu , C. G. Zhu , F. R. Zhu , H. Zhu , K. J. Zhu , Y. C. Zou , X. Zuo

Cosmic Ray Helium Hardening

Recent observations by CREAM and ATIC-2 experiments suggest that (1) the spectrum of cosmic ray (CR) helium is harder than that of CR proton below the knee 10^15 eV and (2) all CR spectra become hard at > 10^11 eV/n. We propose a new…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-20 Yutaka Ohira , Kunihito Ioka

The Cosmic Ray Helium and Carbon Nuclei Spectra Measured by Voyager 1 at Low Energies and Earth Based Measurements of these Nuclei up to 200 GeV nuc Concordance at High Energies with a Leaky Box Propagation Model

A comparison of the Helium and Carbon interstellar spectra measured at Voyager in the local interstellar medium leads to a different interpretation than a comparison of the Hydrogen to Helium spectra. This is because the He/C ratio is…

Space Physics · Physics 2015-03-20 W. R. Webber , P. R. Higbie

HAWC measurements of the energy spectra of cosmic ray protons, helium and heavy nuclei in the TeV range

Current knowledge of the relative abundances and the energy spectra of the elemental mass groups of cosmic rays in the $10$ TeV - $1$ PeV interval is uncertain. This situation prevents carrying out precision tests that may lead to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-09 Juan Carlos Arteaga-Velázquez

Proton and Helium Spectra from the CREAM-III Flight

Primary cosmic-ray elemental spectra have been measured with the balloon-borne Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) experiment since 2004. The third CREAM payload (CREAM-III) flew for 29 days during the 2007-2008 Antarctic season.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-04-11 Y. S. Yoon , T. Anderson , A. Barrau , N. B. Conklin , S. Coutu , L. Derome , J. H. Han , J. A. Jeon , K. C. Kim , M. H. Kim , H. Y. Lee , J. Lee , M. H. Lee , S. E. Lee , J. T. Link , A. Menchaca-Rocha , J. W. Mitchell , S. I. Mognet , S. Nutter , I. H. Park , N. Picot-Clemente , A. Putze , E. S. Seo , J. Smith , J. Wu

Cosmic-Ray Proton and Helium Spectra from the First CREAM Flight

Cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra have been measured with the balloon-borne Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass experiment flown for 42 days in Antarctica in the 2004-2005 austral summer season. High-energy cosmic-ray data were collected at…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-07-28 Y. S. Yoon , H. S. Ahn , P. S. Allison , M. G. Bagliesi , J. J. Beatty , G. Bigongiari , P. J. Boyle , J. T. Childers , N. B. Conklin , S. Coutu , M. A. DuVernois , O. Ganel , J. H. Han , J. A. Jeon , K. C. Kim , M. H. Lee , L. Lutz , P. Maestro , A. Malinine , P. S. Marrocchesi , S. A. Minnick , S. I. Mognet , S. Nam , S. Nutter , I. H. Park , N. H. Park , E. S. Seo , R. Sina , S. Swordy , S. P. Wakely , J. Wu , J. Yang , R. Zei , S. Y. Zinn

Non-linear acceleration at supernova remnant shocks and the hardening in the cosmic ray spectrum

In the last few years several experiments have shown that the cosmic ray spectrum below the knee is not a perfect power-law. In particular, the proton and helium spectra show a spectral hardening by ~ 0.1-0.2 in spectral index at particle…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-12-27 S. Recchia , S. Gabici

Energy spectra of elemental groups of cosmic rays with the KASCADE experiment data and machine learning

We report the reconstruction of the mass component spectra of cosmic rays (protons, helium, carbon, silicon and iron) and their mean mass composition, at energies from 1.4 to 100 PeV. The results are derived from the archival data of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-06-28 M. Yu. Kuznetsov , N. A. Petrov , I. A. Plokhikh , V. V. Sotnikov

"Discrepant hardenings" in cosmic ray spectra: a first estimate of the effects on secondary antiproton and diffuse gamma-ray yields

Recent data from CREAM seem to confirm early suggestions that primary cosmic ray (CR) spectra at few TeV/nucleon are harder than in the 10-100 GeV range. Also, helium and heavier nuclei spectra appear systematically harder than the proton…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-02-01 Fiorenza Donato , Pasquale D. Serpico

Lower limit on the ultra-high-energy proton-to-helium ratio from the measurements of the tail of $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ distribution

There are multiple techniques to determine the chemical composition of the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. While most of the methods are primarily sensitive to the average atomic mass, it is challenging to discriminate between the two…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-11-14 Ivan S. Karpikov , Grigory I. Rubtsov , Yana V. Zhezher

Measurements of 0.2 to 20 GeV/n cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra from 1997 through 2002 with the BESS spectrometer

We measured low energy cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra in the kinetic energy range 0.215 - 21.5 GeV/n at different solar activities during a period from 1997 to 2002. The observations were carried out with the BESS spectrometer…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Y. Shikaze , S. Haino , K. Abe , H. Fuke , T. Hams , K. C. Kim , Y. Makida , S. Matsuda , J. W. Mitchell , A. A. Moiseev , J. Nishimura , M. Nozaki , S. Orito , J. F. Ormes , T. Sanuki , M. Sasaki , E. S. Seo , R. E. Streitmatter , J. Suzuki , K. Tanaka , T. Yamagami , A. Yamamoto , T. Yoshida , K. Yoshimura

The Cosmic-Ray Proton and Helium Spectra measured with the CAPRICE98 balloon experiment

A new measurement of the primary cosmic-ray proton and helium fluxes from 3 to 350 GeV was carried out by the balloon-borne CAPRICE experiment in 1998. This experimental setup combines different detector techniques and has excellent…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Boezio , V. Bonvicini , P. Schiavon , A. Vacchi , N. Zampa , D. Bergstroem , P. Carlson , T. Francke , P. Hansen , E. Mocchiutti , M. Suffert , M. Hof , J. Kremer , W. Menn , M. Simon , M. Ambriola , R. Bellotti , F. Cafagna , F. Ciacio , M. Circella , C. N. De Marzo , N. Finetti , P. Papini , S. Piccardi , P. Spillantini , E. Vannuccini , S. Bartalucci , M. Ricci , M. Casolino , M. P. De Pascale , A. Morselli , P. Picozza , R. Sparvoli , J. W. Mitchell , J. F. Ormes , S. A. Stephens , R. E. Streitmatter , U. Bravar , S. J. Stochaj

Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Protons and Helium Nuclei by a Hybrid Measurement at 4300 m a.s.l

The energy spectrum of cosmic Hydrogen and Helium nuclei has been measured, below the so-called "knee", by using a hybrid experiment with a wide field-of-view Cherenkov telescope and the Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) array of the ARGO-YBJ…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-18 B. Bartoli , P. Bernardini , X. J. Bi , I. Bolognino , P. Branchini , A. Budano , A. K. Calabrese Melcarne , P. Camarri , Z. Cao , R. Cardarelli , S. Catalanotti , S. Z. Chen , T. L. Chen , P. Creti , S. W. Cui , B. Z. Dai , A. D'Amone , Danzengluobu , I. De Mitri , B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli , T. Di Girolamo , G. Di Sciascio , C. F. Feng , Zhaoyang Feng , Zhenyong Feng , Q. B. Gou , Y. Q. Guo , H. H. He , Haibing Hu , Hongbo Hu , M. Iacovacci , R. Iuppa , H. Y. Jia , Labaciren , H. J. Li , G. Liguori , C. Liu , J. Liu , M. Y. Liu , H. Lu , L. L. Ma , X. H. Ma , G. Mancarella , S. M. Mari , G. Marsella , D. Martello , S. Mastroianni , P. Montini , C. C. Ning , M. Panareo , B. Panico , L. Perrone , P. Pistilli8 , F. Ruggieri , P. Salvini , R. Santonico , S. N. Sbano , P. R. Shen , X. D. Sheng , F. Shi , A. Surdo , Y. H. Tan , P. Vallania , S. Vernetto , C. Vigorito , H. Wang , C. Y. Wu , H. R. Wu , L. Xue , Q. Y. Yang , X. C. Yang , Z. G. Yao , A. F. Yuan , M. Zha , H. M. Zhang , L. Zhang , X. Y. Zhang , Y. Zhang , J. Zhao , Zhaxiciren , Zhaxisangzhu , X. X. Zhou , F. R. Zhu , Q. Q. Zhu , G. Zizzi for ARGO-YBJ Collaboration , Y. X. Bai , M. J. Chen , Y. Chen , S. H. Feng , B. Gao , M. H. Gu , C. Hou , X. X. Li , J. Liu , J. L. Liu , X. Wang , G. Xiao , B. K. Zhang , S. S. Zhang , B. Zhou , X. Zuo for LHAASO Collaboration

The Origin of Galactic Cosmic Rays

Motivated by recent measurements of the major components of the cosmic radiation around 10 TeV/nucleon and above, we discuss the phenomenology of a model in which there are two distinct kinds of cosmic ray accelerators in the galaxy.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-12 Peter L. Biermann , T. K. Gaisser , Todor Stanev

A Fit to the Galactic Cosmic Ray Hydrogen and Helium Spectra at Voyager 1 at Low Energies and Earth Based Measurements at Much Higher Energies with Identical Rigidity Independent Source Spectra for the Hydrogen and Helium Nuclei

Voyager 1 data from beyond the heliopause provide the first direct measurements of the interstellar cosmic ray spectra below 1 GeVnuc. In this paper we combine these Voyager measurements of H and He nuclei from 3-600 MeVnuc with higher…

Space Physics · Physics 2015-03-04 W. R. Webber , P. R. Higbie

A Minimal Interpretation of the Galactic Cosmic-Ray Proton and Helium Spectra from GeV to PeV Energies

High-precision measurements of the cosmic-ray (CR) proton and helium spectra have revealed significant deviations from a simple power law, characterized by multiple spectral features, including a hardening above $\sim$100~GeV, a broad…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-14 Felix Aharonian , Bing Theodore Zhang

Measurement of the cosmic ray helium energy spectrum from 70 GeV to 80 TeV with the DAMPE space mission

The measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic ray helium nuclei from 70 GeV to 80 TeV using 4.5 years of data recorded by the DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is reported in this work. A hardening of the spectrum is observed at an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-09 F. Alemanno , Q. An , P. Azzarello , F. C. T. Barbato , P. Bernardini , X. J. Bi , M. S. Cai , E. Catanzani , J. Chang , D. Y. Chen , J. L. Chen , Z. F. Chen , M. Y. Cui , T. S. Cui , Y. X. Cui , H. T. Dai , A. D'Amone , A. De Benedittis , I. De Mitri , F. de Palma , M. Deliyergiyev , M. Di Santo , T. K. Dong , Z. X. Dong , G. Donvito , D. Droz , J. L. Duan , K. K. Duan , D. D'Urso , R. R. Fan , Y. Z. Fan , K. Fang , F. Fang , C. Q. Feng , L. Feng , P. Fusco , M. Gao , F. Gargano , K. Gong , Y. Z. Gong , D. Y. Guo , J. H. Guo , X. L. Guo , S. X. Han , Y. M. Hu , G. S. Huang , X. Y. Huang , Y. Y. Huang , M. Ionica , W. Jiang , J. Kong , A. Kotenko , D. Kyratzis , S. J. Lei , S. Li , W. L. Li , X. Li , X. Q. Li , Y. M. Liang , C. M. Liu , H. Liu , J. Liu , S. B. Liu , W. Q. Liu , Y. Liu , F. Loparco , C. N. Luo , M. Ma , P. X. Ma , T. Ma , X. Y. Ma , G. Marsella , M. N. Mazziotta , D. Mo , X. Y. Niu , X. Pan , A. Parenti , W. X. Peng , X. Y. Peng , C. Perrina , R. Qiao , J. N. Rao , A. Ruina , M. M. Salinas , G. Z. Shang , W. H. Shen , Z. Q. Shen , Z. T. Shen , L. Silveri , J. X. Song , M. Stolpovskiy , H. Su , M. Su , Z. Y. Sun , A. Surdo , X. J. Teng , A. Tykhonov , H. Wang , J. Z. Wang , L. G. Wang , S. Wang , X. L. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. F. Wang , Y. Z. Wang , Z. M. Wang , D. M. Wei , J. J. Wei , Y. F. Wei , S. C. Wen , D. Wu , J. Wu , L. B. Wu , S. S. Wu , X. Wu , Z. Q. Xia , H. T. Xu , Z. H. Xu , Z. L. Xu , Z. Z. Xu , G. F. Xue , H. B. Yang , P. Yang , Y. Q. Yang , H. J. Yao , Y. H. Yu , G. W. Yuan , Q. Yuan , C. Yue , J. J. Zang , F. Zhang , S. X. Zhang , W. Z. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y. J. Zhang , Y. L. Zhang , Y. P. Zhang , Y. Q. Zhang , Z. Zhang , Z. Y. Zhang , C. Zhao , H. Y. Zhao , X. F. Zhao , C. Y. Zhou , Y. Zhu

Interstellar Spectra of Primary Cosmic Ray Nuclei from H through Fe Measured at Voyager and a Comparison with Higher Energy Measurements, An Interpretation of the Spectra from 10 MeVnuc to Over 100 GeVnuc Using a Leaky Box Model

Utilizing new Voyager measurements at lower energies and higher energy spacecraft measurements near the Earth, the interstellar spectra of primary cosmic ray nuclei from H to Fe have now been determined from ~10 MeV/nuc to > 100 GeV/nuc.…

Space Physics · Physics 2015-08-10 W. R. Webber