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With an aim to explore optical variability at diverse timescales in BL Lac source S5 0716+714, it was observed for 46 nights during 2013 January 14 to 2015 June 01 when it underwent two major outbursts. The observations were made using the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-09-26 Navpreet Kaur , Kiran S. Baliyan , S. Chandra , Sameer , S. Ganesh

BL Lacertae is a unique blazar for which the X-ray band can cover either the synchrotron or the inverse Compton, or both parts of the broadband spectral energy distribution. In the latter case, when the spectral upturn is located in the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-12-30 Alicja Wierzcholska , Stefan Wagner

BL Lacertae had undergone a series of historical high flux activity over a year, from August 2020 in the optical to VHE $\gamma$-rays. In this paper, we report on optical flux and spectral variability of the first historical maxima outburst…

We present the analysis results of flux and spectral variability of the blazar OP 313 across intra-night to short-term timescales using BVRI photometric data, gathered over 25 nights from Nov 2024 to May 2025, using two optical telescopes…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-11 P. U. Devanand , Alok C. Gupta , Karan Dogra , Shubham Kishore , Tushar Tripathi

We report the variation of the spectral energy distribution (SED) of blazars as a function of source activity, based on available, simultaneous multi-wavelength (MWL) observations of BL Lac objects. We use a fully automatized \c{hi}2…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Nijil Mankuzhiyil , Stefano Ansoldi , Massimo Persic , Fabrizio Tavecchio

We report the results of optical monitoring for a sample of 11 blazars including 10 BL Lacs and 1 Flat Spectrum Radio Quasar (FSRQ). We have measured the multiband optical flux and colour variations in these blazars on intra-day and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-11-21 Haritma Gaur , Alok C. Gupta , A. Strigachev , R. Bachev , E. Semkov , Paul J. Wiita , S. Peneva , S. Boeva , L. Slavcheva-Mihova , B. Mihov , G. Latev , U. S. Pandey

Blazars, the peculiar class of active galactic nuclei (AGN), are known to show flux variations across the accessible electromagnetic spectrum. Though they have been studied extensively for their flux variability characteristics across…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-08-13 M. Reshma , Aditi Agarwal , C. S. Stalin , Prajwel Joseph , Akanksha Dagore , Amit Kumar Mandal , Ashish Devaraj , S. B. Gudennavar

In this work, we report the presence of rapid intra-night optical variations in both -- flux and polarization of the blazar BL Lacertae during its unprecedented 2020--2021 high state of brightness. The object showed significant flux…

We present the results of multi-frequency polarization VLA observations of radio sources from the complete sample of northern, radio-bright BL Lac objects compiled by H. Kuhr and G. Schmidt. These were used to determine the integrated…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 A. B. Pushkarev

We present 37 GHz data obtained at Metsahovi Radio Observatory in 2001 December - 2005 April for a large sample of BL Lacertae objects. We also report the mean variability indices and radio spectral indices in frequency intervals 5 - 37 GHz…

Rapid, multi-color optical monitoring carried out for a multiwavelength campaign during 22-27 August 2000 is presented for the bright and variable BL Lac object PKS 2005-489. Previous multiwavelength monitoring campaigns of PKS 2005-489…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 T. A. Rector , E. S. Perlman

A tight correlation between gamma-ray and radio emission is found for a sample of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects detected by Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) and the Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET). The gamma-ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-27 Fan Li , Xinwu Cao

We present a radio/optical study of a sample of BL Lac objects at arcsecond and milliarcsecond resolution. The sample consists of 30 nearby (z<0.2) BL Lacs, mostly X-ray selected. These nearby objects are weak in the radio, yet we have…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Giroletti , G. Giovannini , G. B. Taylor , R. Falomo

We present a sample of 723 optically selected BL Lac candidates from the SDSS DR7 spectroscopic database encompassing 8250 deg^2 of sky; our sample constitutes one of the largest uniform BL Lac samples yet derived. Each BL Lac candidate has…

We present a new sample of 30 nearby (z<0.2) BL Lacs, selected to study the nuclear as well as the large scale properties of low power radio sources. In this first paper, we show and discuss new radio data taken with the VLA (19 objects at…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. Giroletti , G. Giovannini , G. B. Taylor , R. Falomo

Blazars can be divided into two subtypes, flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and BL Lac objects, which have been distinguished phenomenologically by the strength of their optical emission lines, while their physical nature and relationship…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-22 Makoto Uemura , Taisei Abe , Yurika Yamada , Shiro Ikeda

We report on two BeppoSAX observations of BL Lac (2200+420) performed respectively in June and December 1999, as part of a ToO program to monitor blazars in high states of activity. During both runs the source has been detected up to 100…

We have monitored the BL Lac object S5 0716+714 in five intermediate optical wavebands from 2004 September to 2011 April. Here we present the data that include 8661 measurements which represents one of the largest databases obtained for an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-12 Yan Dai , Jianghua Wu , Zong-Hong Zhu , Xu Zhou , Jun Ma , Qirong Yuan , Lingzhi Wang

BL Lacertae (BL Lac), the archetypal blazar of its subclass and one of the most studied blazars in the last decades, has undergone a series of major multi-wavelength outbursts since 2020, resulting in its highest recorded $\gamma$-ray flare…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-08 K. Abe , S. Abe , A. Abhishek , F. Acero , A. Aguasca-Cabot , I. Agudo , C. Alispach , D. Ambrosino , F. Ambrosino , L. A. Antonelli , C. Aramo , A. Arbet-Engels , C. Arcaro , T. T. H. Arnesen , P. Aubert , A. Baktash , M. Balbo , A. Bamba , A. Baquero Larriva , U. Barres de Almeida , J. A. Barrio , L. Barrios Jiménez , I. Batkovic , J. Baxter , J. Becerra González , J. Bernete , A. Berti , E. Bissaldi , O. Blanch , G. Bonnoli , P. Bordas , A. Briscioli , G. Brunelli , J. Buces , A. Bulgarelli , I. Burelli , L. Burmistrov , M. Cardillo , S. Caroff , A. Carosi , R. Carraro , F. Cassol , D. Cerasole , A. Cerviño Cortínez , Y. Chai , G. Chon , L. Chytka , G. M. Cicciari , J. L. Contreras , J. Cortina , H. Costantini , M. Croisonnier , M. Dalchenko , G. D'Amico , P. Da Vela , F. Dazzi , A. De Angelis , M. de Bony de Lavergne , R. Del Burgo , C. Delgado , J. Delgado Mengual , D. della Volpe , B. De Lotto , L. Del Peral , R. de Menezes , G. De Palma , V. de Souza , C. Díaz , L. Di Bella , A. Di Piano , F. Di Pierro , R. Di Tria , L. Di Venere , D. Dominis Prester , A. Donini , D. Dorner , L. Eisenberger , D. Elsässer , G. Emery , L. Feligioni , F. Ferrarotto , A. Fiasson , L. Foffano , Y. Fukazawa , S. Gallozzi , R. Garcia López , S. Garcia Soto , C. Gasbarra , D. Gasparrini , J. Giesbrecht Paiva , N. Giglietto , F. Giordano , N. Godinovic , T. Gradetzke , R. Grau , J. Green , G. Grolleron , S. Gunji , P. Günther , J. Hackfeld , D. Hadasch , M. Hashizume , T. Hassan , K. Hayashi , L. Heckmann , M. Heller , J. Herrera Llorente , N. Hiroshima , D. Hoffmann , D. Horns , J. Houles , D. Hrupec , R. Imazawa , T. Inada , S. Inoue , K. Ioka , M. Iori , T. Itokawa , A. Iuliano , J. Jahanvi , I. Jimenez Martinez , J. Jimenez Quiles , I. Jorge Rodrigo , J. Jurysek , M. Kagaya , V. Karas , H. Katagiri , D. Kerszberg , T. Kiyomoto , Y. Kobayashi , K. Kohri , P. Kornecki , H. Kubo , J. Kushida , B. Lacave , M. Lainez , A. Lamastra , L. Lemoigne , M. Linhoff , S. Lombardi , F. Longo , R. López-Coto , A. López-Oramas , S. Loporchio , J. Lozano Bahilo , F. Lucarelli , H. Luciani , P. L. Luque-Escamilla , M. Makariev , M. Mallamaci , D. Mandat , K. Mannheim , F. Marini , M. Mariotti , P. Marquez , G. Marsella , J. Martí , O. Martinez , G. Martínez , M. Martínez , M. Massa , D. Mazin , J. Méndez-Gallego , S. Menon , E. Mestre Guillen , D. Miceli , T. Miener , J. M. Miranda , M. Molero Gonzalez , E. Molina , T. Montaruli , A. Moralejo , A. Morselli , V. Moya , A. L. Müller , H. Muraishi , S. Nagataki , T. Nakamori , A. Neronov , D. Nieto Castaño , M. Nievas Rosillo , L. Nikolic , K. Noda , V. Novotny , S. Nozaki , M. Ohishi , Y. Ohtani , A. Okumura , R. Orito , L. Orsini , J. Otero-Santos , P. Ottanelli , M. Palatiello , G. Panebianco , D. Paneque , R. Paoletti , J. M. Paredes , M. Pech , M. Pecimotika , M. Peresano , F. Perrotta , F. Pfeifle , M. Pihet , G. Pirola , C. Plard , F. Podobnik , M. Polo , C. Pozo-Gonzaléz , E. Prandini , S. Rainò , R. Rando , W. Rhode , M. Ribó , G. Rodriguez Fernandez , M. D. Rodríguez Frías , A. Roy , A. Ruina , E. Ruiz-Velasco , T. Saito , S. Sakurai , D. A. Sanchez , H. Sano , E. Santos Moura , T. Šarić , Y. Sato , F. G. Saturni , V. Savchenko , F. Schiavone , F. Schussler , T. Schweizer , M. Seglar Arroyo , G. Silvestri , A. Simongini , J. Sitarek , V. Sliusar , I. Sofia , J. Strišković , M. Strzys , Y. Suda , A. Sunny , H. Tajima , M. Takahashi , R. Takeishi , S. J. Tanaka , D. Tateishi , T. Tavernier , P. Temnikov , Y. Terada , K. Terauchi , T. Terzic , M. Teshima , M. Tluczykont , T. Tomura , D. F. Torres , F. Tramonti , P. Travnicek , G. Tripodo , A. Tutone , M. Vacula , M. Vázquez Acosta , G. Verna , I. Viale , A. Viana , A. Vigliano , C. F. Vigorito , E. Visentin , V. Vitale , G. Voutsinas , I. Vovk , T. Vuillaume , R. Walter , T. Yamamoto , R. Yamazaki , Y. Yao , T. Yoshida , T. Yoshikoshi , W. Zhang , N. Zywucka , the CTAO-LST collaboration , F. Aceituno , J. A. Acosta-Pulido , V. Casanova , J. Escudero Pedrosa , V. Fallah Ramazani , J. Jormanainen , S. Jorstad , G. Keating , P. M. Kouch , M. Gurwell , A. Lähteenmäki , E. Lindfors , A. Marscher , D. Morcuende , I. Myserlis , K. Nilsson , C. A. Ortega Hunter , R. Rao , A. Sota , M. Tornikoski , H. Zhang

We selected a sample of a dozen blazars which are the prime candidates for simultaneous multi-wavelength observing campaigns in their outburst phase. We searched for optical outbursts, intra-day variability and short term variability in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. C. Gupta , J. H. Fan , J. M. Bai , S. J. Wagner