Related papers: Do the Electrons and Ions in X-ray Clusters Share …
Intense, ultrashort pulses of 800 nm laser light (12 fs, $\sim$4 optical cycles) of peak intensity 5$\times$10$^{14}$ W cm$^{-2}$ have been used to irradiate gas-phase Xe$_n$ clusters ($n$=500-25,000) so as to induce multiple ionization and…
We investigate the dynamical evolution of clusters of galaxies and their observational consequences during off-center mergers, explicitly considering the relaxation process between ions and electrons in intracluster medium by N-body and…
The amount and nature of the evolution of the X-ray properties of clusters of galaxies provides information on the formation of structure in the universe and on the properties of the universe itself. The cluster luminosity - temperature…
Comparison of appropriate theoretical derived line ratios with observational data can yield estimates of a plasma's physical parameters, such as electron density or temperature. The usual practice in the calculation of the line ratio is the…
In the last eight years, the Chandra and XMM-Newton satellites changed significantly our view of X-ray clusters of galaxies. In particular, several complex phenomena have been directly observed: interactions between cluster galaxies and the…
The properties of X-ray clusters of galaxies can be well understood in terms of a competition between shock heating and adiabatic compression. Strong shocks are expected to be important for massive clusters, while adiabatic compression is…
HII region electron temperatures are a critical ingredient in metallicity determinations and recent observations reveal systematic variations in the temperatures measured using different ions. We present electron temperatures ($T_e$)…
Massive young star clusters contain dozens or hundreds of massive stars that inject mechanical energy in the form of winds and supernova explosions, producing an outflow which expands into their surrounding medium, shocking it and forming…
Simulations of cluster formation have demonstrated that condensation of baryons into central galaxies during cluster formation can drive the shape of the gas distribution in galaxy clusters significantly rounder, even at radii as large as…
We investigate the heating of the quasi-free electrons in large rare gas clusters (N exceeding 10^5 atoms) by short laser pulses at moderate intensities (I~10^{15} Wcm^{-2}). We identify elastic large-angle backscattering of electrons at…
Heating of trapped ion clouds by interactions with free electrons crossing the trapping potential was observed. A model describing such process was proposed and discussed. The presented approach predicts two effects: pushing and heating of…
We study the X-ray cluster gas density distribution in hydrostatic equilibrium using the universal temperature profile obtained from recent simulations involving only gravitational processes. If this temperature profile is an indicator of…
In order to compare the x-wind with observations, one needs to be able to calculate its thermal and ionization properties. We formulate the physical basis for the streamline-by-streamline integration of the ionization and heat equations of…
The gas temperature in the cores of many clusters of galaxies drops inward by about a factor of three or more within the central 100 kpc radius. The radiative cooling time drops over the same region from 5 or more Gyr down to below a few…
Virialized systems, such as clusters and groups of galaxies, represent an ideal laboratory for investigating the formation and evolution of structure on the largest scales. Furthermore, the properties of the gaseous intracluster medium…
We investigate the origin of the variation of the gas mass fraction in the core of galaxy clusters, which was indicated by our work on the X-ray fundamental plane. The adopted model supposes that the gas distribution characterized by the…
The diffuse plasma inside clusters of galaxies has X-ray emitting temperatures of a few keV. The physical mechanisms that heat this intracluster medium (ICM) to such temperatures include the accretion shock at the periphery of a galaxy…
Results from a large sample of hydrodynamical/N-body simulations of galaxy clusters in a LCDM cosmology are used to simulate cluster X-ray observations as expected from Chandra observations. The physical modeling of the gas includes…
There has been extensive recent progress in X-ray observations of clusters of galaxies with the analysis of the entire ASCA database and recent new results from Beppo-SAX, Chandra, and XMM-Newton. The temperature profiles of most clusters…
The interaction of intense extreme ultraviolet (XUV) laser pulses ($\lambda=32\rm\,nm$, $I=10^{11-14}$\,W/cm$^2$) with small rare-gas clusters (Ar$_{147}$) is studied by quasi-classical molecular dynamics simulations. Our analysis supports…