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Context. Polarimetric observations of Bok globules frequently show a decrease in the degree of polarization towards their central dense regions (polarization holes). This behaviour is usually explained with increased disalignment owing to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-30 R. Brauer , S. Wolf , S. Reissl

The obscuring structure surrounding active galactic nuclei (AGN) can be explained as a dust and gas flow cycle that fundamentally connects the AGN with their host galaxies. This structure is believed to be associated with dusty winds driven…

We present maps of the plane-of-sky magnetic field within two regions of the Taurus molecular cloud: one in the dense core L1495/B213 filament, the other in a diffuse region to the west. The field is measured from the polarization of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-30 Nicholas L. Chapman , Paul F. Goldsmith , Jorge L. Pineda , D. P. Clemens , Di Li , Marko Krco

The size of dust grains, $a$, is key to the physical and chemical processes in circumstellar disks, but observational constraints of grain size remain challenging. (Sub)millimeter continuum observations often show a percent-level…

We present a model for the diffuse interstellar dust that explains the observed wavelength-dependence of extinction, emission, linear and circular polarisation of light. The model is set-up with a small number of parameters. It consists of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-16 R. Siebenmorgen , N. V. Voshchinnikov , S. Bagnulo

Reflection nebulae--dense cores--illuminated by surrounding stars offer a unique opportunity to directly test our quantitative model of grain alignment based on radiative torques (RATs) and to explore new effects arising from additional…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-23 Thiem Hoang , A Lazarian , B-G Andersson

Circumstellar disk dust polarization in the (sub)millimeter is, for the most part, not from dust grain alignment with magnetic fields but rather indicative of a combination of dust self-scattering with a yet unknown alignment mechanism that…

We present theoretical calculations of the X-ray scattering properties of porous grain aggregates with olivine monomers. The small and large angle scattering properties of these aggregates are governed by the global structure and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2009-06-05 Kevin Heng , Bruce T. Draine

Dust grains emit intrinsic polarized emission if they are elongated and aligned in the same direction. The direction of the grain alignment is determined by external forces, such as magnetic fields, radiation, and gas flow against the dust…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-03 Akimasa Kataoka , Satoshi Okuzumi , Ryo Tazaki

We apply the theory of radiative torque (RAT) alignment for studying protoplanetary disks around a T-Tauri star and perform 3D radiative transfer calculations to provide the expected maps of polarized radiation to be compared with…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-19 Ryo Tazaki , Alexandre Lazarian , Hideko Nomura

Recent interferometric surveys of nearby main-sequence stars show a faint but significant near-infrared excess in roughly two dozen systems, i.$\,$e. around $10\,\%$ to $30\,\%$ of stars surveyed. This excess is attributed to dust located…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-01 Florian Kirchschlager , Sebastian Wolf , Alexander V. Krivov , Harald Mutschke , Robert Brunngräber

In this paper we study the effects of inclusions and porosities on the emission properties of silicate grains and compare the model curves with the observed infrared emission from circumstellar dust. We calculate the absorption efficiency…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-17 D. B. Vaidya , Ranjan Gupta

We discuss the dynamics of dust grains subjected to uncompensated torques arising from H_2 formation. In particular, we discuss grain dynamics when a grain spins down and goes through a ``crossover''. As first pointed out by Spitzer &…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 A. Lazarian , B. T. Draine

We extend previous theoretical works to gain a better understanding of the origin of observed polarisation degree spectra of molecular clouds, which show a so-called V-shape, i.e. a pronounced minimum around 350~$\mu$m. For this purpose, we…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-03 Daniel Seifried , Stefanie Walch , Thorsten Balduin

We present the polarization maps of three selected Bok globules CB56, CB60 and CB69 constructed using a V-band data from a CCD imaging polarimeter. The aim of this work is to measure the optical polarization ($p_v$) of background field…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-05-28 A. Chakraborty , H. S. Das , D. Paul

Dust polarization at (sub)millimeter wavelengths has been observed for many protoplanetary disks. Theoretically, multiple origins potentially contribute to the polarized emission but it is still uncertain what mechanism is dominant in disk…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-03 Tomohiro Mori , Akimasa Kataoka

We present the new open source C++-based Python library CosTuuM that can be used to generate infrared absorption and emission coefficients for arbitrary mixtures of spheroidal dust grains that are (partially) aligned with a magnetic field.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-15 Bert Vandenbroucke , Maarten Baes , Peter Camps

Polarization-mode observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) are powerful tools for studying the dust grain populations in circumstellar disks. Many sources exhibit polarization signatures consistent with…

The depletion of elements onto dust grains is characterized using a generalized depletion strength $F_*$ for any sightline, and trend-line parameters $A_X, B_X$ and $z_X$. The parameters $A_X, B_X$ and $z_X$ define the relative depletion…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-03-29 Chamani M. Gunasekera , Xihan Ji , Marios Chatzikos , Renbin Yan , Gary Ferland

The measures of mechanical alignment were obtained for both prolate and oblate grains when their temperature is comparable with grain kinetic energy devided by k, the Boltzmann constant. For such grains, the alignment of angular momentum,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-10 A. Lazarian