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The recent discoveries of X-ray and optical counterparts for GRBs, and a possible discovery of a host galaxy, implies that a direct measurement of the red-shift of some GRBs host galaxies is eminent. We discuss the implications of such…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Ehud Cohen , Tsvi Piran

We have obtained deep spectroscopic observations of several nearby gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxies revealing for the first time the presence of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars and numerous O stars located in rich and compact clusters or star…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 F. Hammer , H. Flores , D. Schaerer , M. Dessauges-Zavadsky , E. Le Floc'h , M. Puech

Discoveries of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have become commonplace in recent decades, totalling $\mathcal{O}(10^4)$ unique detections across various missions. However, there have been no confirmed discoveries of a gravitationally-lensed GRB,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-09 Dan Ryczanowski , Benjamin P. Jones , Benjamin P. Gompertz , Graham P. Smith

Long gamma-ray bursts involve the most powerful cosmic explosions since the Big Bang. Whilst it has been established that GRBs are related to the death throes of massive stars, the identification of their progenitors has proved challenging.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Jorick S. Vink , G. Graefener , T. J. Harries

There still exists the possibility that the phenomenon of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is a mixture of events of different nature, even within the class of long (>2 s) bursts. We try to put statistical constraints on a possible non-cosmological…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ya. Tikhomirova , B. E. Stern , R. Svensson

Using an established classification technique, we leverage standard observations and analyses to predict the progenitors of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). This technique, utilizing support vector machine (SVM) statistics, provides a more nuanced…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-15 P. Nuessle , J. L. Racusin , N. E. White

Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) are the signatures of extraordinarily high-energy events occurring in our universe. Since their discovery, we have determined that these events are produced during the core-collapse deaths of rare…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-15 Emily M. Levesque

We review our current understanding of the progenitors of both long and short duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Constraints can be derived from multiple directions, and we use three distinct strands; i) direct observations of GRBs and their…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-12-07 Andrew Levan , Paul Crowther , Richard de Grijs , Norbert Langer , Dong Xu , Sung-Chul Yoon

We study the internal structural properties of 37 long duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxies imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope. Fitting exponential disk and r^1/4 models to the surface brightness profiles of eight z < 1.2 bright…

Cosmic gamma-ray bursts are one of the great frontiers of astrophysics today. They are a playground of relativists and observers alike. They may teach us about the death of stars and the birth of black holes, the physics in extreme…

In order to test the efficacy of Gamma-ray Bursts (GRB) as cosmological probes, we characterize the scatter in the correlations between six pairs of GRB observables, which have previously also been studied in arXiv:2011.14040. However, some…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-28 Sarveshkumar Purohit , Shantanu Desai

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are detectable out to very large distances and as such are potentially powerful cosmological probes. Historically, the angular distribution of GRBs provided important information about their origin and physical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-11-11 T. N. Ukwatta , P. R. Wozniak

The luminosities of short gamma ray burst host galaxies are anticorrelated with both the isotropic equivalent gamma ray energy and the gamma ray luminosity of the explosions. Observational selection effects only strengthen the significance…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-01-15 James E. Rhoads

Cosmological Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) offer a unique perspective to probe the evolution of distant galaxies. We discuss one of the multiple benefits of this approach, i.e. the detection of transient edges in the GRB prompt phase emission.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Le Floc'h , P. -A. Duc , I. F. Mirabel

The spatial distribution of short Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in their host galaxies provide us an opportunity to investigate their origins. Based on the currently observed distribution of short GRBs relative to their host galaxies, we obtain…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-18 Xiao-Hong Cui , Junichi Aoi , Shigehiro Nagataki , Ren-Xin Xu

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are spectacularly energetic events, with the potential to inform on the early universe and its evolution, once their redshifts are known. Unfortunately, determining redshifts is a painstaking procedure requiring…

Motivated by the recent observational and theoretical evidence that long Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are likely associated with low metallicity, rapidly rotating massive stars, we examine the cosmological star formation rate (SFR) below a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. Lapi , N. Kawakatu , Z. Bosnjak , A. Celotti , A. Bressan , G. L. Granato , L. Danese

[Abridged] The study of short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) experienced a complete revolution in recent years thanks to the discovery of the first afterglows and host galaxies in May 2005. These observations demonstrated that short GRBs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-03-17 E. Berger

Long-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) allow us to pinpoint and study star-forming galaxies in the early universe, thanks to their orders of magnitude brighter peak luminosities compared to other astrophysical sources, and their association…

[abridged] We investigate the afterglow properties and large-scale environments of several short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with sub-arcsecond optical afterglow positions but no bright coincident host galaxies. The purpose of this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-19 E. Berger