Related papers: A new classification and a two-parameter unificati…

In this paper we investigate the properties of a sample of six BL Lacs by fitting their spectra using our inhomogeneous jet model with an accelerating, magnetically dominated, parabolic base, which transitions to a slowly decelerating…

Aims: Intranight variation (or microvariation) is a common phenomenon of radio-loud BL Lac objects. However, it is not clear whether the recently found radio-quiet BL Lac objects have the same properties. The occurrence rate of intranight…

Active Galaxies with a jet pointing towards us, so-called blazars, play an important role in the field of high-energy astrophysics. One of the most important features in the classification scheme of blazars is the peak frequency of the…

In 2021 BL Lacertae underwent an extraordinary activity phase, which was intensively followed by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) Collaboration. We present the WEBT optical data in the BVRI bands acquired at 36 observatories around…

We present the last chapter of a spectroscopy program aimed at deriving the redshift or a lower limit to the redshift of BL Lac objects using medium resolution spectroscopy. Here we report new spectra for 33 BL Lac object candidates…

BL Lacertae (BL Lac) is categorized as TeV blazar and considered as a possible source of astrophysical neutrinos. In 2020, the brightest X-ray flare ever detected from it. A detailed study can answer many puzzling questions related to…

We present a study of the intraday variability behaviour of a complete sample of radio-selected BL Lac objects taken from the 1 Jy catalogue. In 28 out of 34 BL Lac objects (82\%) we detected intraday variability. 7 objects were observed…

Relativistic jets are a common feature of radio loud active galactic nuclei. Multifrequency observations are a unique tool to constrain their physics. We report on a detailed study of the properties of the jet of the nearby BL Lac object…

We explore the viability of the unification of BL Lacs and FR I radio galaxies by comparing the core emission of radio galaxies with those of BL Lacs of similar extended radio power, taking advantage of the newly measured optical nuclear…

We present new radio data completing the imaging for a sample of 30 nearby (z < 0.2) BL Lac objects on parsec and kiloparsec scale. The sample is composed of both high and low luminosity sources and it is therefore an ideal test bed for…

We review the main results from several radio, X-ray and multi-frequency surveys on the topic of cosmological evolution of BL Lacertae objects. Updated findings on BL Lac evolution following the recent identification of many sources in the…

BL Lac objects are low--power active nuclei exhibiting a variety of peculiar properties that are caused by the presence of a relativistic jet and orientation effects. We present here adaptive optics near-IR images at high spatial resolution…

The current status of leptonic jet models for gamma-ray blazars is reviewed. Differences between the quasar and BL-Lac subclasses of blazars may be understood in terms of the dominance of different radiation mechanisms in the gamma-ray…

The present status and understanding of the "spectral sequence" of blazars is discussed in the perspective of the upcoming GLAST launch. The vast improvement in sensitivity will allow to i) determine more objectively the "average" gamma-ray…

We present new BeppoSAX observations of seven BL Lacertae objects selected from the 1 Jy sample plus one additional source. The collected data cover the energy range 0.1 - 10 keV (observer's frame), reaching ~ 50 keV for one source (BL…

The current status of leptonic jet models for blazars is reviewed. Differences between the quasar and BL-Lac subclasses of blazars may be understood in terms of the dominance of different radiation mechanisms in the gamma-ray regime.…

We present recent ROSAT, ASCA and SAX observations of intermediate BL Lac objects (IBLs), i.e. BL Lacs which are located between high-energy and low-energy peaked BL Lac objects with respect to alpha_rx. Both the statistical properties of…

We present two BeppoSAX observations of BL Lacertae as part of a multiwavelength radio-to-TeV campaign. During the first observation we observe a faint Compton spectrum, while during the second, we detect a synchrotron spectrum with the…

We discuss processes accelerating cosmic ray electrons at boundaries of relativistic jets. The resulting spectrum is expected to posses two characteristic components: a power-law distribution at lower energies and a harder high energy…

In May 1994 the BL Lac object PKS 2155-304 was observed continuously for ~10 d with IUE and EUVE and for 2 d with ASCA, as well as with ROSAT and with ground- based radio, IR, and optical telescopes. The light curves show a well-defined…