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It is widely believed that the primary X-ray emission of AGN is due to the Comptonisation of optical-UV photons from a hot electron corona, while the origin of the 'soft-excess' is still uncertain and matter of debate. A second…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-12-19 R. Middei , S. Bianchi , P. -O. Petrucci , F. Ursini , M. Cappi , B. De Marco , A. De Rosa , J. Malzac , A. Marinucci , G. Matt , G. Ponti , A. Tortosa

Over the last few years X-ray observations of broad-line radio galaxies (BLRGs) by ASCA, RXTE and BeppoSAX have shown that these objects seem to exhibit weaker X-ray reflection features (such as the iron K\alpha line) than radio-quiet…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 D. R. Ballantyne , R. R. Ross , A. C. Fabian

We present the properties of accretion disk corona (ADC) models, where the radiation field, the temperature, and the total opacity of the corona are determined self-consistently. We use a non-linear Monte Carlo code to perform the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 James B. Dove , Jorn Wilms , Mitchell C. Begelman

Models of black hole accretion disks are reviewed, with an emphasis on the theory of hard X-ray production. The following models are considered: i) standard, ii) super-critical, iii) two-temperature, and iv) disk+corona. New developments…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrei M. Beloborodov

We explored a sample of 545 local galaxies using data from the 3XMM-DR7 and SDSS-DR8 surveys. We carried out all analyses up to z\,$\sim$\,0.2, and we studied the relation between X/O flux ratio and accretion rate for different classes of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-07-14 Asrate Gaulle , Mirjana Pović , Dejene Zewdie

The spectral variability of changing-look active galactic nuclei (CL-AGNs) occurred on timescales of years to tens of years, posing a significant challenge to the standard thin disk model. In this work, we propose a sandwich model,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-04-25 Qian-Qi Ma , Wei-Min Gu , Zhen-Yi Cai , Xinwu Cao , Jun-Xian Wang , Zhi-Xiang Zhang , Mouyuan Sun

Recently, we have performed a systematic study of AGN feedback in a disk galaxy within the MACER framework. Various model predictions, including the AGN duty cycle, the correlation between black hole accretion rates and star formation…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-28 Yuxuan Zou , Feng Yuan , Suoqing Ji , Lin He , Zhiyuan Li , Yi Zhang , Johan Comparat , Zhijie Qu , Taotao Fang

The emission from galactic black holes and Seyfert galaxies is generally understood in term of two-phase models (Haardt and Maraschi 1991, 1993). Such models postulate that a hot plasma coexists with relatively colder material in the inner…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Julien Malzac , Anne-Marie Dumont , Martine Mouchet

Models of accretion discs surrounding active galactic nuclei (AGNs) find vast applications in high-energy astrophysics. The broad strategy is to parametrize some of the key disc properties such as gas density and temperature as a function…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-15 Daria Gangardt , Alessandro Alberto Trani , Clément Bonnerot , Davide Gerosa

We analyze X-ray spectra and images of a sample of Seyfert 2 galaxies that unambiguously contain starbursts, based on their optical and UV characteristics. Although all sample members contain active galactic nuclei (AGNs), supermassive…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 N. A. Levenson , K. A. Weaver , T. M. Heckman

Cygnus X-1 (Cyg X-1) exhibited a low hard state in 2022, observed by several missions. The IXPE reported that the polarization angle is aligned with the radio jet and gave a polarization degree approximately 4 times higher than the general…

Hardness-intensity diagrams (HIDs) have been used with great success to study the accretion states and their connection to radio jets in X-ray binaries (XRBs). The analogy between XRBs and active galactic nuclei (AGN) suggests that similar…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Elmar Koerding , Sebastian Jester , Rob Fender

We apply our self-consistent accretion disk corona (ADC) model, with two different geometries, to the broad-band X-ray spectrum of the black hole candidate Cygnus X-1. As shown in a companion paper (Dove, Wilms, and Begelman), models where…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 James B. Dove , Jorn Wilms , Michael Maisack , Mitchell C. Begelman

X-ray polarimetry has been suggested as a prominent tool for investigating the geometrical and physical properties of the emissions from active galactic nuclei (AGN). The successful launch of the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) on…

We show that X-ray reverberation mapping can be used to measure the distance to type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs). This is because X-ray photons originally emitted from the `corona' close to the black hole irradiate the accretion disc…

The variability of active galactic nuclei (AGN) has long held the promise of shedding light on their detailed structure, and possibly other astrophysical phenonema. Different emission mechanisms lead to different patterns of variability in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. R. S. Hawkins

In this study, we present novel calculations of X-ray polarization from radio-quiet and unobscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using the Monte Carlo code MONK, which includes all general and special relativity effects. Our geometric…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-01 D. Tagliacozzo , S. Bianchi. V. Gianolli , A. Gnarini , A. Marinucci , G. Matt , F. Ursini , W. Zhang

Using a geometry consisting of a hot central Comptonizing plasma surrounded by a thin accretion disk, we model the optical through hard X-ray spectral energy distributions of the type 1 Seyfert galaxies NGC 3516 and NGC 7469. As in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 James Chiang

We investigate the use of relativistically blurred photoionized disc models on an XMM-Newton observation of the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxy PG 1404+226. The model is designed to reproduce the radiation from the inner accretion disc around…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-17 J. Crummy , A. C. Fabian , W. N. Brandt , Th. Boller

Models of X-ray reverberation from extended coronae are developed from general relativistic ray tracing simulations. Reverberation lags between correlated variability in the directly observed continuum emission and that reflected from the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-02-19 D. R. Wilkins , E. M. Cackett , A. C. Fabian , C. S. Reynolds