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Black holes represent extreme conditions of physical laws. Being predicted about a century ago, they are now accepted as astrophysical reality by most of the scientific community. Only recently more direct evidence of their existence has…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-07-31 Christian Fendt

In this lecture notes I concentrate on the classic and widely applicable characterization of higher order statistics by joint moments, a.k.a. higher order correlation functions, and directly related statistics. I put special emphasis on…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-29 István Szapudi

Two fundamental laws are needed for prediction in the universe: (1) a basic dynamical law and (2) a law for the cosmological initial condition. Quantum cosmology is the area of basic research concerned with the search for a theory of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-02-03 James B. Hartle

Galaxy formation simulations are an essential part of the modern toolkit of astrophysicists and cosmologists alike. Astrophysicists use the simulations to study the emergence of galaxy populations from the Big Bang, as well as problems…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-05-02 C. -A. Faucher-Giguere

We present a practical course targeting graduate students with prior knowledge of the basics of quantum computing. The practical aims to deepen students' understanding of fundamental concepts in quantum computing by implementing quantum…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-11-24 Florian Krötz , Xiao-Ting Michelle To , Korbinian Staudacher , Dieter Kranzlmüller

This is one chapter of the collection of problems in cosmology, in which we assemble the problems, with solutions, that concern one of the most distinctive features of general relativity and cosmology---the horizons. The first part gives an…

Physics Education · Physics 2014-01-10 Yu. L. Bolotin , I. V. Tanatarov

The large-scale structure in cosmology is highly non-Gaussian at late times and small length scales, making it difficult to describe analytically. Parameter inference, data reconstruction, and data generation tasks in cosmology are greatly…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-13 Adam Rouhiainen

Cosmological simulations are a powerful tool to advance our understanding of galaxy formation and many simulations model key properties of real galaxies. A question that naturally arises for such simulations in light of high-quality…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-10 Lingyi Zhou , Stefan T. Radev , William H. Oliver , Aura Obreja , Zehao Jin , Tobias Buck

The role of baryonic physics, star formation, and stellar feedback, in shaping the galaxies and their host halos is an evolving topic. The dark matter aspects are illustrated in this work by showing distribution features in a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-10 A. Núñez-Castiñeyra , E. Nezri , P. Mollitor , J. Devriendt , R. Teyssier

We present a public data release of halo catalogs from a suite of 125 cosmological $N$-body simulations from the Abacus project. The simulations span 40 $w$CDM cosmologies centered on the Planck 2015 cosmology at two mass resolutions,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-13 Lehman H. Garrison , Daniel J. Eisenstein , Douglas Ferrer , Jeremy L. Tinker , Philip A. Pinto , David H. Weinberg

The emergence of a complex, large-scale organisation of cosmic matter into the Cosmic Web is a beautiful exemplification of how complexity can be produced by simple initial conditions and simple physical laws. In the epoch of Big Data in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-12 Franco Vazza

Models of galaxy formation ultimately aim at reproducing the _observed_ properties of galaxies. We report on work in progress to predict luminosities, colours and morphologies of field objects of various masses through N-body + Smoothed…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sergio Gelato , Fabio Governato

Numerical simulation is an important tool to help us understand the process of structure formation in the universe. However many simulation results of cold dark matter (CDM) halos on small scale are inconsistent with observations: the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Weike Xiao , Chang Peng , Xianfeng Ye , Heng Hao

Simulation design is the choice of locations in parameter space at which simulations are to be run and is the first step in building an emulator capable of quickly providing estimates of simulation results for arbitrary locations in the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-13 Michael D. Schneider , Oskar Holm , Lloyd Knox

Galaxies and galaxy clusters trace the same cosmic density field, but their statistics have been modeled separately in cosmological analyses. We present a unified, simulation-based framework to model them using the galaxy-halo connection.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-26 Shulei Cao , Hao-Yi Wu , Andrés N. Salcedo , David H. Weinberg , Matthieu Schaller , Joop Schaye

The galaxy luminosity function and galaxy stellar mass function are fundamental statistics in the testing of galaxy formation models. Theoretical predictions based on cosmological simulations can deviate from observations, especially at the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-18 Lin Tang , Weipeng Lin , Yang Wang , N. R. Napolitano

We are entering an era where the numerical construction of generic spacetimes is becoming a reality. The use of computer simulations, in principle, allows us to solve Einstein equations in their full generality and unravel important…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-23 Luis Lehner

We recently developed a generalization of the halo model in order to describe the spatial clustering properties of each mass component in the Universe, including hot gas and stars. In this work we discuss the complementarity of the model…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 C. Fedeli , E. Semboloni , M. Velliscig , M. Van Daalen , J. Schaye , H. Hoekstra

In these lectures I cover a number of topics in cosmological data analysis. I concentrate on general techniques which are common in cosmology, or techniques which have been developed in a cosmological context. In fact they have very general…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-06-08 Alan Heavens

We present a review of data types and statistical methods often encountered in astronomy. The aim is to provide an introduction to statistical applications in astronomy for statisticians and computer scientists. We highlight the complex,…

Physics Education · Physics 2017-10-23 James P. Long , Rafael S. de Souza