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A simple description of the vacuum energy (cosmological constant) problem for non-experts is presented. Basic features of cosmology with non-zero vacuum energy are discussed. The astronomical data which indicate that the universe is filled…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 A. D. Dolgov

Quantum field theory predicts that vacuum energy (or what is the same, cosmological constant) should be 50-100 orders of magnitude larger than the existing astronomical limit. A very brief review of possible solutions of this problem is…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. D. Dolgov

We show that, for the scalar field cosmology with exponential potential, the set of values of the coupling parameter for which the solutions undergo a transient period of acceleration is much larger than the set discussed in the literature.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-01-29 Mustapha Azreg-Aïnou

Strongly first-order phase transitions, i.e., those with a large order parameter, are characterized by a considerable supercooling and high velocities of phase transition fronts. A very strong phase transition may have important…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-26 Ariel Megevand , Santiago Ramirez

The linear cosmological perturbation theory of an almost homogeneous and isotropic perfect fluid universe is reconsidered and formally simplified by introducing new covariant and gauge-invariant variables with physical interpretations on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-07-19 Winfried Zimdahl

The time variation of fundamental mass scales can have profound cosmological implications. We investigate a particular model of crossover quintessence which is compatible with all present cosmological observations. This model can also…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-08-23 C. Wetterich

A brief review of standard big bang nucleosynthesis theory and the related observations of the light element isotopes is presented. Implications of BBN on chemical evolution and constraints on particle properties will also be discussed.

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-15 Keith A. Olive

An expanding universe is not expected to have a static vacuum energy density. The so-called cosmological constant $\Lambda$ should be an approximation, certainly a good one for a fraction of a Hubble time, but it is most likely a temporary…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-19 Joan Sola

Current observational data favor cosmological models which differ from the standard model due to the presence of some form of dark energy and, perhaps, by additional contributions to the more familiar dark matter. Primordial nucleosynthesis…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 James P. Kneller , Gary Steigman

We consider a very simple toy model for a spatially varying `cosmological constant', where we are inside a spherical bubble (with a given set of cosmological parameters) that is surrounded by a larger region where these parameters are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 P. P. Avelino , J. P. M. de Carvalho , C. J. A. P. Martins

On the basis of a semi-classical analysis of vacuum energy in an expanding spacetime, we describe a non-singular cosmological model in which the vacuum density decays with time, with a concomitant production of matter. During an infinitely…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Saulo Carneiro

In quantum field theory the parameters of the vacuum action are subject to renormalization group running. In particular, the ``cosmological constant'' is not a constant in a quantum field theory context, still less should be zero. In this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Ilya L. Shapiro , Joan Sola

We consider scalar perturbations of energy-density for a class of cosmological models where an early phase of accelerated expansion evolves, without any fine-tuning for graceful exit, towards the standard Friedman eras of observed universe.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-10 S. Capozziello , G. Lambiase , G. Scarpetta

We discuss the cosmological constant problem in the light of dilatation symmetry and its possible anomaly. For dilatation symmetric quantum theories realistic asymptotic cosmology is obtained provided the effective potential has a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-11-13 C. Wetterich

We study the cosmological evolution of massless single-field scalar-tensor theories of gravitation from the time before the onset of $e^+e^-$ annihilation and nucleosynthesis up to the present. The cosmological evolution together with the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-09-09 D. I. Santiago , D. Kalligas , R. V. Wagoner

Scale-independent energy-momentum squared gravity (EMSG) allows different gravitational couplings for different types of sources and has been proven to have interesting implications in cosmology. In this paper, the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-26 Dukjae Jang , Mayukh R. Gangopadhyay , Myung-Ki Cheoun , Toshitaka Kajino , M. Sami

We discuss the Higgs mass and cosmological constant in the context of an emergent Standard Model, where the gauge symmetries "dissolve" in the extreme ultraviolet. In this scenario the cosmological constant scale is suppressed by power of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-08-26 Steven D. Bass , Janina Krzysiak

This paper derives an upper limit on the density $\rho_{\scriptstyle\Lambda}$ of dark energy based on the requirement that cosmological structure forms before being frozen out by the eventual acceleration of the universe. By allowing for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-22 Fred C. Adams , Stephon Alexander , Evan Grohs , Laura Mersini-Houghton

I briefly review the cosmological constant problem and the issue of dark energy (or quintessence). Within the framework of quantum field theory, the vacuum expectation value of the energy momentum tensor formally diverges as $k^4$. A cutoff…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Varun Sahni

We propose an approach to explaining why naive large quantum fluctuations are not the right estimate for the cosmological constant. We argue that the universe is in a superposition of many vacua, in such a way that the resulting…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-10 G. L. Kane , M. J. Perry , A. N. Zytkow