Related papers: Cosmic ray diffusive acceleration at shock waves w…
The theory of first order Fermi acceleration at shocks assumes that particles diffuse due to scattering off slow-moving magnetic irregularities. However, cosmic rays are closely tied to magnetic field lines, and the transport process,…
Theoretical studies of cosmic ray particle acceleration in the first-order Fermi process at relativistic shocks are reviewed. At the beginning we discuss the acceleration processes acting at mildly relativistic shock waves. An essential…
The process of cosmic ray first-order Fermi acceleration at relativistic shock waves is studied with the method of Monte Carlo simulations. The simulations are based on numerical integration of particle equations of motion in a turbulent…
Theory of the first-order Fermi acceleration of cosmic ray particles at relativistic shock waves is reviewed. We consider shocks with parallel and oblique, sub- and super-luminal magnetic field configurations and with finite-amplitude…
It is well accepted today that diffusive acceleration in shocks results to the cosmic ray spectrum formation. This is in principle true for non-relativistic shocks, since there is a detailed theory covering a large range of their properties…
A review of theoretical results on cosmic ray first-order Fermi acceleration at relativistic shock waves is presented, with recent results substantially changing the existing knowledge on these processes. In particular one can not expect…
We present here a semi-analytical solution of the problem of particle acceleration at non-linear shock waves with a free escape boundary at some location upstream. This solution, besides allowing us to determine the spectrum of particles…
First-order Fermi acceleration process at a relativistic shock wave is investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations involving numerical integration of particle equations of motion in a turbulent magnetic field near the shock. In…
We study the first-order Fermi acceleration process at parallel shock waves by means of Monte Carlo simulations. A 'realistic' model of the magnetic field turbulence is applied involving sinusoidal waves imposed on the background mean field…
Theoretical concepts ofn cosmic ray particle acceleration at relativistic plasma flows -- shocks and shear layers -- are reviewed. We begin with a discussion of mildly relativistic shock waves. The role of oblique field configurations and…
First-order Fermi acceleration processes at ultrarelativistic shocks are studied with Monte Carlo simulations. The accelerated particle spectra are obtained by integrating the exact particle trajectories in a turbulent magnetic field near…
First-order Fermi acceleration processes at ultrarelativistic shocks are studied with Monte Carlo simulations. The accelerated particle spectra are derived by integrating the exact particle trajectories in a turbulent magnetic field near…
The non-thermal particle spectra responsible for the emission from many astrophysical systems are thought to originate from shocks via a first order Fermi process otherwise known as diffusive shock acceleration. The same mechanism is also…
Stationary solutions to the problem of particle acceleration at shock waves in the non-linear regime, when the dynamical reaction of the accelerated particles on the shock cannot be neglected, are known to show a prominent energy flux…
Accretion flows onto supergalactic-scale structures are accompanied with large spatial scale shock waves. These shocks were postulated as possible sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. The highest particle energies were expected for…
The mechanism of diffusive Fermi acceleration at collisionless plasma shock waves is widely invoked in astrophysics to explain the appearance of non-thermal particle populations in a variety of environments, including sites of cosmic ray…
The present paper is the last of a series studying the first-order Fermi acceleration processes at relativistic shock waves with the method of Monte Carlo simulations applied to shocks propagating in realistically modeled turbulent magnetic…
We develop a self-consistent nonlinear extension of diffusive shock acceleration that incorporates cosmic ray (CR) backreaction on the shock precursor together with a physically motivated upstream-escape mechanism that produces an…
We report studies on first-order Fermi acceleration in parallel modified shock waves with a large scattering center compression ratio expected from turbulence transmission models. Using a Monte Carlo technique we have modeled particle…
We formulate the first order Fermi acceleration in parallel shock waves in terms of the random walk theory. The formulation is applicable to any value of the shock speed and the particle speed, in particular to the acceleration in…