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In recent years new types of coordinate transformations have appeared in cosmology on top of the standard gauge transformations, such as the dilatations and special conformal transformations, or the ones leading to (conformal) Fermi…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-18 Ermis Mitsou , Jaiyul Yoo

The light we observe from distant astrophysical objects including supernovae and quasars allows us to determine large distances in terms of a cosmological model. Despite the success of the standard cosmological model in fitting the data,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-07 Angela L. H. Ng

The Hubble-Lemaitre tension is currently one of the most important questions in cosmology. Most of the focus so far has been on reconciling the Hubble constant value inferred from detailed cosmic microwave background measurement with that…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-29 Kylar L. Greene , Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine

Recently, inhomogeneous generalisations of the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker cosmological models have gained interest in the astrophysical community and are more often employed to study cosmological phenomena. However, in many papers…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-10-17 Krzysztof Bolejko , Marie-Noëlle Célérier , Andrzej Krasiński

Overview of the determination of astronomical distances from a metrological standpoint. Distances are considered from the Solar System (planetary distances) to extragalactic distances, with a special emphasis on the fundamental step of the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-24 F. Mignard

In this paper, we use the Lagrangian formalism of classical mechanics and some assumptions to obtain cosmological differential equations analogous to Friedmann and Einstein equations, obtained from the theory of general relativity. This…

General Physics · Physics 2014-09-24 H. S. Vieira , V. B. Bezerra

We present a derivation of the cosmological distance-redshift relation up to second order in perturbation theory. In addition, we find the observed redshift and the lensing magnification to second order. We do not require that the density…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Obinna Umeh , Chris Clarkson , Roy Maartens

One of the keys to understanding the universe is the proper measurement of the relation between the luminosity distance $d_L$ and the angular diameter distance $d_A$. In 1933 Etherington deduced from general relativity the reciprocity…

General Physics · Physics 2023-05-04 Juan De Vicente

A measurement of the redshift drift constitutes a model-independent probe of fundamental cosmology. Several approaches are being considered to make the necessary observations, using (i) the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), (ii) the Cosmic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-13 Fulvio Melia

We present an analytical solution for the luminosity distance in spatially flat cosmology with pressureless matter and the cosmological constant. The complex analytical solution is made of a real part and a negligible imaginary part. The…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-16 L. Zaninetti

Next generation surveys will be capable of determining cosmological parameters beyond percent level. To match this precision, theoretical descriptions should look beyond the linear perturbations to approximate the observables in large scale…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-11 Jorge L. Fuentes , Juan Carlos Hidalgo , Karim A. Malik

Cosmology relies on the Cosmological Principle, i.e., the hypothesis that the Universe is homogeneous and isotropic on large scales. This implies in particular that the counts of galaxies should approach a homogeneous scaling with volume at…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-26 R. S. Gonçalves , G. C. Carvalho , C. A. P. Bengaly , J. C. Carvalho , A. Bernui , J. S. Alcaniz , R. Maartens

This thesis concerns the compatibility of inhomogeneous cosmologies with our present understanding of the universe. It is a problem of some interest to find the class of all relativistic cosmological models which are capable of providing a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Chris A. Clarkson

A new, second-order solution in curvilinear coordinates is introduced for the relative motion of two spacecraft on eccentric orbits. The second-order equations for unperturbed orbits are derived in spherical coordinates with true anomaly as…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-09-06 Matthew Willis , Kyle T. Alfriend , Simone D'Amico

The cosmological tests are tight enough now to show that the Friedmann-Lemaitre Lambda CDM cosmological model almost certainly is a useful approximation. This means general relativity theory passes significant tests of the extrapolation of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-23 P. J. E. Peebles

We present here a new method using interferometric measurements of quasars, that allows the determination of direct geometrical distances on cosmic scales. Quasar Broad Emission Line Regions sizes provide a "meter rule" with which to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Margarita Karovska , Martin Elvis , Massimo Marengo

The relation between the angular diameter distance and redshift in a spherically symmetric dust-shell universe is studied. We have discovered that the relation agrees with that of an appropriate Friedmann-Lemaitre (FL) model if we set a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Norimasa Sugiura , Ken-ichi Nakao , Tomohiro Harada

Knowing the distance of an astrophysical object is key to understanding it. However, at present, comparisons of theory and observations are hampered by precision (or lack thereof) in distance measurements or estimates. Putting the many…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-11 Richard de Grijs

This paper continues earlier work where an explicit parametrized solution of a particular nonlinear ordinary differential equation was obtained in terms of the Weierstrass elliptic phi-function, sigma function and zeta function -- work…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-08-24 Jennie D'Ambroise , Floyd L. Williams

We perform a cosmographic analysis using several cosmological observables such as the luminosity distance moduli, the volume distance, the angular diameter distance and the Hubble parameter. These quantities are determined using different…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-05-30 Jun-Qing Xia , Vincenzo Vitagliano , Stefano Liberati , Matteo Viel