Related papers: Does a Non-Magnetic Solar Chromosphere Exist?
In this paper, we study the heating of the magnetized solar chromosphere induced by the large fraction of neutral atoms present in this layer. The presence of neutrals, together with the decrease with height of the collisional coupling,…
The presence of magnetic field is crucial in the transport of energy through the solar atmosphere. Recent ground-based and space-borne observations of the quiet Sun have revealed that magnetic field accumulates at photospheric heights, via…
The temperature and density conditions in the magnetized photosphere and chromosphere of the Sun lead to a very small degree of atomic ionization. In addition, at particular height, the magnetic field may be strong enough to give rise to a…
The chromosphere in internetwork regions of the quiet Sun was regarded as a static and homogeneous layer for a long time. Thanks to advances in observations and numerical modelling, the wave nature of these atmospheric regions received…
Spectral diagnostic features formed in the solar chromosphere are few and difficult to interpret -- they are neither formed in the optically thin regime nor in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). To probe the state of the chromosphere,…
In this paper, we show a "proof of concept" of the heating mechanism of the solar chromosphere due to wave dissipation caused by the effects of partial ionization. Numerical modeling of non-linear wave propagation in a magnetic flux tube,…
The heating of the chromosphere in internetwork regions remains one of the foremost open questions in solar physics. In the present study we tackle this old problem by using a very high spatial-resolution simulation of quiet-Sun conditions…
We discuss a possible mechanism for heating the solar atmosphere by the ensemble of thermal waves, generated by the photospheric dynamo and propagating upwards with increasing magnitudes. These waves are self-sustained and amplified due to…
The emission of the upper atmosphere of the Sun is closely related to magnetic field concentrations at the solar surface. It is well established that this relation between chromospheric emission and magnetic field is nonlinear. Here we…
Recent advances in observational performance and numerical simulations have revolutionised our understanding of the solar chromosphere. This concerns in particular the structure and dynamics on small spatial and temporal scales. As a…
The chromosphere is a thin layer of the solar atmosphere that bridges the relatively cool photosphere and the intensely heated transition region and corona. Compressible and incompressible waves propagating through the chromosphere can…
Is the solar chromosphere always hot, with relatively small temperature variations ($\delta T/T\sim0.1$); or is it cold most of the time, with temperature fluctuations that reach $\delta T/T\sim 10$ at the top of the chromosphere? Or,…
The chromosphere is a dynamic and complex layer where all the relevant physical processes happen on very small spatio-temporal scales. A few spectral lines that can be used as chromospheric diagnostics give us convoluted information that is…
Context. The solar chromosphere is the interface between the solar surface and the solar corona. Modelling of this region is difficult because it represents the transition from optically thick to thin radiation escape, from gas-pressure…
The importance of the chromosphere in the mass and energy transport within the solar atmosphere is now widely recognised. This review discusses the physics of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves and instabilities in large-scale chromospheric…
We consider the generation of electric currents in the solar chromosphere where the ionization level is typically low. We show that ambient electrons become magnetized even for weak magnetic fields (30 G); that is, their gyrofrequency…
The heating and structure of the solar chromosphere depends on the underlying magnetic field, among other parameters. The lowest magnetic flux of the solar atmosphere is found in the quiet Sun internetwork and is thought to be provided by…
It is widely believed that the heating of the chromosphere in quiet-Sun internetwork regions is provided by dissipation of acoustic waves that are excited by the convective motions close to the top of the convection zone and in the…
Three-dimensional numerical simulations with CO5BOLD, a new radiation hydrodynamics code, result in a dynamic, thermally bifurcated model of the non-magnetic chromosphere of the quiet Sun. The 3-D model includes the middle and low…
We show that the atmospheric and magnetic height variations are coupled in general MHS equilibria with gravity when isolated thin non-force-free flux tubes are present. In gas-dominated environments, as in stellar photospheres, flux tubes…