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An underlying fundamental assumption in relativistic perturbation theory is the existence of a parametric family of spacetimes that can be Taylor expanded around a background. Since the choice of the latter is crucial, sometimes it is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Carlos F. Sopuerta , Marco Bruni , Leonardo Gualtieri

Scalar perturbations of Friedmann-Lemaitre cosmologies can be analyzed in a variety of ways using Einstein's field equations, the Ricci and Bianchi identities, or the conservation equations for the stress-energy tensor, and possibly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-03 Claes Uggla , John Wainwright

This is the Part III paper of our series of papers on a gauge-invariant perturbation theory on the Schwarzschild background spacetime. After reviewing our general framework of the gauge-invariant perturbation theory and the proposal on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-07 Kouji Nakamura

We present a gauge invariant argument that a nonlocal measure of second-order metric and matter perturbations dominate that of linear fluctuations in its effect on the gravitational field in 'slow-rolling' spacetimes.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 B. Losic , W. G. Unruh

The $f(R)$ theory of gravitation developed perturbatively around the general theory of relativity with cosmological constant (the \text{$\Lambda$}CDM model) in a flat FLWR geometry is considered. As a result, a general explicit cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-25 Pham Van Ky , Nguyen Thi Hong Van , Nguyen Anh Ky

The gravitational Lagrangian based on special relativity and the assumption of a fourth rank tensor interaction, derived by Kennedy (1972), is used to check Mach's principle in a homogeneous isotropic expanding universe. The Lagrangian is…

General Physics · Physics 2014-11-24 Hanno Essén

The ``Newtonian'' theory of spatially unbounded, self--gravitating, pressureless continua in Lagrangian form is reconsidered. Following a review of the pertinent kinematics, we present alternative formulations of the Lagrangian evolution…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Juergen Ehlers , Thomas Buchert

In this work, we investigate the consistency of a perturbative definition of the S-matrix in a particular class of non-Lagrangian theories. We focus on the $p$-form theories proposed in \cite{Broccoli:2021pvv}, which are fully defined by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-25 Subhroneel Chakrabarti , Renann Lipinski Jusinskas

Within the framework of the effective field theory approach to the post-Newtonian approximation to General Relativity, we report the so far missing G^3 and G^4 sectors of the conservative two body dynamics at fourth perturbative order for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-06 Stefano Foffa , Riccardo Sturani

Through second order in perturbative general relativity, a small compact object in an external vacuum spacetime obeys a generalized equivalence principle: although it is accelerated with respect to the external background geometry, it is in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-09-08 Adam Pound

We present a novel approach, based entirely on the gravitational potential, for studying the evolution of non-linear cosmological matter perturbations. Starting from the perturbed Einstein equations, we integrate out the non-relativistic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Ram Brustein , Antonio Riotto

The non--linear dynamics of self--gravitating irrotational dust is analyzed in a general relativistic framework, using synchronous and comoving coordinates. Writing the equations in terms of the metric tensor of the spatial sections…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sabino Matarrese , David Terranova

Backgrounds are pervasive in almost every application of general relativity. Here we consider the Lagrangian formulation of general relativity for large perturbations with respect to a curved background spacetime. We show that Noether's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 A. N. Petrov , J. Katz

In the context of $f(R)$ theories of gravity, we study the evolution of scalar cosmological perturbations in the metric formalism. Using a completely general procedure, we find the exact fourth-order differential equation for the matter…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 A. de la Cruz-Dombriz , A. Dobado , A. L. Maroto

This is the Part I paper of our series of full papers on a gauge-invariant {\it linear} perturbation theory on the Schwarzschild background spacetime which was briefly reported in our short papers [K.~Nakamura, Class. Quantum Grav. {\bf 38}…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-17 Kouji Nakamura

This paper is the first in a series of three which attempt to resolve the difficulties that have plagued the $NN-\pi NN$ problem for the past ten years. Various theoretical inconsistencies in the current formulation have been pointed out…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 D. R. Phillips , I. R. Afnan

In this paper, we investigate gravitational waves beyond the linear approximation, focusing on second-order contributions sourced by linearized waves in the transverse-traceless (TT) gauge. A general spacetime metric is constructed, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-06 M. A. Misyura

We analyze the pressure and density equations of state of unpolarized non-relativistic fermions at finite temperature in one spatial dimension. For attractively interacting regimes, we perform a third-order lattice perturbation theory…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2017-05-17 Andrew C. Loheac , Joaquin E. Drut

In this paper we will study non-anticommutative perturbative quantum gravity on spacetime with a complex metric. After analysing the BRST symmetry of this non-anticommutative perturbative quantum gravity, we will also analyse the effect of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-30 Mir Faizal

Along the general framework of the gauge-invariant perturbation theory developed in the papers [K. Nakamura, Prog. Theor. Phys. {\bf 110} (2003), 723; {\it ibid}, {\bf 113} (2005), 481.], we re-derive the second-order Einstein equations on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-07-03 Kouji Nakamura