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Several popular cosmological models predict that most of the baryonic mass in the local universe is located in filamentary and sheet-like structures associated with groups and clusters of galaxies. This gas is expected to be gravitationally…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Zappacosta , R. Maiolino , F. Mannucci , R. Gilli , A. Finoguenov , A. Ferrara

Observations of intergalactic neutral hydrogen can provide a wealth of information about structure and galaxy formation, potentially tracing accretion and feedback processes on Mpc scales. Below a column density of NHI ~ 10^19 cm-2, the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Attila Popping , Romeel Dave , Robert Braun , Benjamin D. Oppenheimer

Observations at low redshifts thus far fail to account for all of the baryons expected in the Universe according to cosmological constraints. A large fraction of the baryons presumably resides in a thin and warm-hot medium between the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-01 Markus Haider , Dominik Steinhauser , Mark Vogelsberger , Shy Genel , Volker Springel , Paul Torrey , Lars Hernquist

The warm-hot intergalactic medium (warm-hot IGM, or WHIM) pervades the filaments of the Cosmic Web and harbours half of the Universe's baryons. The WHIM's thermodynamic properties are notoriously hard to measure. Here we estimate a galaxy…

The intergalactic medium (IGM) is the dominant reservoir of baryons, delineates the large scale structure at low to moderate overdensities, and provides gas from which galaxies form and evolve. Simulations of a Cold Dark Matter (CDM)…

Based on constraints from Big Bang nucleosynthesis and the cosmic microwave background, the baryon content of the high-redshift Universe can be precisely determined. However, at low redshift, about one-third of the baryons remain…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-20 Orsolya E. Kovacs , Akos Bogdan , Randall K. Smith , Ralph P. Kraft , William R. Forman

The evolution of the baryon distribution in different phases, derived from cosmological simulations, are here reported. These computations indicate that presently most of baryons are in a warm-hot intergalactic (WHIM) medium (about 43%)…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Fabrice Durier , Jose Antonio de Freitas Pacheco

The Wisconsin H-Alpha Mapper (WHAM) is a new facility dedicated to the study of faint optical emission lines from diffuse interstellar gas. During its first 18 months of operation, WHAM carried out a survey of the interstellar H-alpha…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. J. Reynolds , L. M. Haffner , S. L. Tufte

We carried out synthetic observations of interstellar atomic hydrogen at 21cm wavelength by utilizing the magneto-hydrodynamical numerical simulations of the inhomogeneous turbulent interstellar medium (ISM) Inoue and Inutsuka (2012). The…

We analyze the IllustrisTNG simulations to study the mass, volume fraction and phase distribution of gaseous baryons embedded in the knots, filaments, sheets and voids of the Cosmic Web from redshift $z=8$ to redshift $z=0$. We find that…

We discuss physical properties and the baryonic content of the Warm-hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) at low redshifts. Cosmological simulations predict that the WHIM contains a large fraction of the baryons at z=0 in the form of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 P. Richter , B. D. Savage , T. M. Tripp , K. R. Sembach

This paper presents an updated scaling relation between the optical luminosity density (LD) of galaxies in the $r$ band and the density of the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) in cosmic filaments, using the high-resolution EAGLE…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-06 Patrick Holt , Toni Tuominen , Jukka Nevalainen , Massimiliano Bonamente , Teet Kuutma , Pekka Heinämäki , Elmo Tempel

The distribution of baryons in the Universe remains a fundamental open question in astronomy, and the dispersion measure (DM) of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) serves as a valuable tool for probing this cosmic gas. We investigate the impact of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-05 Maryam Hussaini , Liam Connor , Ralf M. Konietzka , Vikram Ravi , Jakob Faber , Kritti Sharma , Myles Sherman

Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) probe baryons permeating the cosmic web through their dispersion measures (DMs), which encode the integrated electron density along cosmological sightlines. Using 3,455 unique FRB sources from CHIME/FRB with $\sim…

In the local universe, a large fraction of the baryon content is believed to exist as diffuse gas in filaments. While this gas is directly observable in X-ray emission around clusters of galaxies, it is primarily studied through its UV…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-11-15 Thomas Connor , Fakhri S. Zahedy , Hsiao-Wen Chen , Thomas J. Cooper , John S. Mulchaey , Alexey Vikhlinin

The relationship between galaxies and the state/chemical enrichment of the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) expected to dominate the baryon budget at low-z provides sensitive constraints on structure formation and galaxy evolution…

We propose a new method to probe the Warm Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) beyond the virial radius (R_200) of a cluster of galaxies, where X-ray observations are not easily achievable. In this method, we use dispersion measures (DMs) of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-01-04 Yutaka Fujita , Takuya Akahori , Keiichi Umetsu , Craig L. Sarazin , Ka-Wah Wong

Well-motivated elementary particle candidates for the dark matter, such as the sterile neutrino, behave as warm dark matter (WDM).For particle masses of order a keV, free streaming produces a cutoff in the linear fluctuation power spectrum…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-05-20 Mark R. Lovell , Carlos S. Frenk , Vincent R. Eke , Adrian Jenkins , Liang Gao , Tom Theuns

The Local Universe (D < 120 Mpc) has been intensely studied for decades, with highly complete galaxy redshift surveys now publicly available. These data have driven density reconstructions of the underlying matter density field, as well as…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-22 Yuxin Huang , Khee-Gan Lee , Noam I. Libeskind , Sunil Simha , Aurélien Valade , J. Xavier Prochaska

Almost a third of the cosmic baryons are "missing" at low redshifts, as they reside in the invisible warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). The thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect, which measures the line-of-sight integral of the plasma…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-22 Julian B. Muñoz , Abraham Loeb