Related papers: Conference Summary: Astronomy Perspective of Astro…

Accelerating expansion of the Universe is a great challenge for both physics and cosmology. In light of lacking the convincing theoretical explanation, an effective description of this phenomenon in terms of cosmic equation of state turns…

Sky surveys represent a fundamental data basis for astronomy. We use them to map in a systematic way the universe and its constituents, and to discover new types of objects or phenomena. We review the subject, with an emphasis on the…

A Bayesian approach to the determination of stellar distances from photometric and spectroscopic data is presented and tested both on pseudodata, designed to mimic data for stars observed by the RAVE survey, and on the real stars from the…

Support for early career astronomers who are just beginning to explore astronomy research is imperative to increase retention of diverse practitioners in the field. Since 2010, Astrobites has played an instrumental role in engaging members…

Modern scientific cosmology pushes the boundaries of knowledge and the knowable. This is prompting questions on the nature of scientific knowledge. A central issue is what defines a 'good' model. When addressing global properties of the…

The past five years has seen a surge in research and innovative ideas for the imaging of extrasolar planets, particular terrestrial ones. We expect that within the next decade a space observatory will be launched with the objective of…

Deep learning has generated diverse perspectives in astronomy, with ongoing discussions between proponents and skeptics motivating this review. We examine how neural networks complement classical statistics, extending our data analytical…

The intuitive reasoning of physicists in conditions of uncertainty is closer to the Bayesian approach than to the frequentist ideas taught at University and which are considered the reference framework for handling statistical problems. The…

Binary observations are often repeated to improve data quality, creating technical replicates. Several scoring methods are commonly used to infer the actual individual state and obtain a probability for each state. The common practice of…

Cultural Astronomy sits at the intersection of our study of the universe and the human experience, exploring how we observe the stars, interpret their motions, and incorporate them into our perspectives of the nature of reality. "Astronomy…

The amount, size, and complexity of astronomical data-sets and databases are growing rapidly in the last decades, due to new technologies and dedicated survey telescopes. Besides dealing with poly-structured and complex data, sparse data…

Astronomy has entered the big data era and Machine Learning based methods have found widespread use in a large variety of astronomical applications. This is demonstrated by the recent huge increase in the number of publications making use…

Long range observations in the field of astronomy have opened up our understanding of the Solar System, the Galaxy and the wider Universe. In this paper we discuss the idea of direct in-situ reconnaissance of nearby stellar systems, using…

A comprehensive new approach is presented for deriving probability densities of physical properties characterizing lens or source that constitute an observed galactic microlensing event. While previously encountered problems are overcome,…

Stellar space density analyses, once a very active area of astronomical research, involved transforming counts of stars to given limiting magnitudes in selected areas of the sky into graphs of the number of stars per cubic parsec as a…

In this article, based on the talk given at the Cracow Epiphany Conference on Astroparticle Physics, I discuss some of the opportunities provided by high-energy and ultra-high energy neutrino astronomy in probing particle physics beyond the…

This paper focuses on two aspects of the statistics of cosmological observables that are important for the next stages of precision cosmology. First, we note that the theory of reduced angular $N$-point spectra has only been developed in…

Bayesian statistics has gained great momentum since the computational developments of the 1990s. Gradually, advances in Bayesian methodology and software have made Bayesian techniques much more accessible to applied statisticians and, in…

Observational astronomy has shown significant growth over the last decade and has made important contributions to cosmology. A major paradigm shift in cosmology was brought about by observations of Type Ia supernovae. The notion that the…

All sciences, including astronomy, are now entering the era of information abundance. The exponentially increasing volume and complexity of modern data sets promises to transform the scientific practice, but also poses a number of common…