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The Chandra X-ray Observatory, one of NASA's Great Observatories, has an outstanding record of scientific and technical success. This success results from the efforts of a team comprising NASA, its contractors, the Smithsonian Astrophysical…
X-ray synchrotron emission tells us of the highest energy reached by accelerated electrons. In a few supernova remnants (SN 1006, G347.3-0.5) this is the dominant form of X-ray radiation, but in most it is superposed to the dominant thermal…
The outstanding capabilities of the Chandra X-ray observatory have greatly increased our potential to observe and analyze thermal radiation from the surfaces of neutron stars (NSs). Such observations allow one to measure the surface…
Chandra snapshot observations of the three most distant quasars then known, at redshifts 5.82, 5.99, and 6.28, gave signficant detections even in the short, 6 -- 8 ks, observations. The X-ray to optical luminosity ratios indicate that…
Highlights of interesting astrophysical discoveries are reviewed in the context of high resolution X-ray spectroscopy made possible with Chandra and XMM-Newton, and its relevance to atomic physics calculations and measurements is discussed.…
Star-forming regions have been the targets of X-ray observations since the dawn of satellite X-ray astronomy. The increase in sensitivity and/or spatial resolution offered by XMM-Newton and Chandra allows a dramatic improvement, both…
Since the launch of Chandra and XMM-Newton, high-resolution X-ray spectra of cosmic sources of all kinds have become available. These spectra have resulted in major scientific breakthroughs. However, due to the techniques used, in general…
We investigate a sample of eleven Galactic X-ray sources recently discovered with INTEGRAL or RXTE with the goal of identifying their optical and/or near-infrared (NIR) counterpart. For this purpose new Chandra positions of nine objects are…
The study of the X-ray properties of z>4 quasars has grown substantially over the last few years, mostly thanks to Chandra. Here we focus on (1) the average X-ray properties of an optically selected, luminous sample of nine z>4 Palomar…
Multiwavelength observations may help us understand the physical nature of the ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) found in external galaxies. Enabled by the arcsecond X-ray source positions now available from Chandra, there has been…
We review X-ray studies of the highest redshift (z > 4) quasars, focusing on recent advances enabled largely by the capabilities of Chandra and XMM-Newton. Included are discussions of basic X-ray population studies, X-ray spectroscopy,…
The past decade has seen a large progress in the X-ray investigation of early-type galaxies of the local universe, and first attempts have been made to reach redshifts z>0 for these objects, thanks to the high angular resolution and…
Modern X-ray observatories yield unique insight into the astrophysical time domain. Each X-ray photon can be assigned an arrival time, an energy and a sky position, yielding sensitive, energy-dependent light curves and enabling…
NASA's Great Observatories have opened up the electromagnetic spectrum from space, providing sustained access to wavelengths not accessible from the ground. Together, Hubble, Compton, Chandra, and Spitzer have provided the scientific…
Recently, with the Chandra X-ray Telescope we have detected several local X-ray absorption lines along lines-of-sight towards distant quasars. These absorption lines are produced by warm/hot gas located in local intergalactic space and/or…
The Constellation X-ray Mission is a high throughput X-ray facility emphasizing observations at high spectral resolution (E/\Delta E \sim 300-3000), and broad energy bandpass (0.25-40 keV). Constellation-X will provide a factor of nearly…
With the superb angular resolution of the Chandra Observatory, it is now possible to detect X-ray point sources, either embedded in galaxy clusters or along the cluster line of sight, which could not be resolved by previous instruments.…
We present catalogs for the ~2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-North, currently the deepest X-ray observation of the Universe in the 0.5-8.0 keV band. Five hundred and three (503) X-ray sources are detected over an ~448 sq.arcmin area in up to seven…
We have used the Chandra X-ray Observatory to resolve spatially and spectrally the X-ray emission from the Circinus Galaxy. We report here on the nature of the X-ray emission from the off-nuclear point sources associated with the disk of…
The high spatial resolution of the Chandra X-ray Observatory allows us to study the environment of GPS/CSS sources to within an arcsec of the strong compact core. We present the discovery of X-ray jets in two GPS quasars, PKS1127-145 and B2…