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A Monte-Carlo study is presented using ground based measurements of the electromagnetic part of showers initiated in the atmosphere by high energetic cosmic rays to reconstruct energy and mass of primary particles with energies above 300…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-04-15 A. Lindner

The existence of the spectral break around $\sim 3 \times 10^{15}$ eV in the cosmic ray spectrum (referred to as the `knee') is one of the biggest questions in cosmic ray astrophysics. At the same time, the origin of cosmic rays above the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Hiroshi Muraishi , Shohei Yanagita , Tatsuo Yoshida

The methodical properties of the original difference method for the search of the anisotropy at the knee region of the primary cosmic radiation energy spectrum are analyzed. The main feature of the suggested method is a study of the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-01 V. P. Pavlyuchenko , R. M. Martirosov , N. M. Nikolskaya , A. D. Erlykin

It is shown that the fine stucture of the cosmic ray energy spectrum in the knee region, if explained by the Single Source Model (SSM), can, in principle, be clearly revealed and magnified in the size spectrum of extensive air showers (EAS)…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 A. D. Erlykin , A. W. Wolfendale

Thanks to recent technological development, a new generation of cosmic ray experiments have been developed with more sensitivity to study these particles in the primary energy interval from 10 TeV to 1 PeV, such as HAWC. Due to its design…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-23 J. A. Morales-Soto , J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez

We report on the cosmic ray mass composition measured by the Telescope Array Low-energy Extension (TALE) hybrid detector. The TALE detector consists of a fluorescence detector (FD) station with 10 FD telescopes located at the Telescope…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-30 Telescope Array Collaboration , R. U. Abbasi , T. Abu-Zayyad , M. Allen , J. W. Belz , D. R. Bergman , F. Bradfield , I. Buckland , W. Campbell , B. G. Cheon , K. Endo , A. Fedynitch , T. Fujii , K. Fujisue , K. Fujita , M. Fukushima , G. Furlich , A. Gálvez Ureña , Z. Gerber , N. Globus , T. Hanaoka , W. Hanlon , N. Hayashida , H. He , K. Hibino , R. Higuchi , D. Ikeda , D. Ivanov , S. Jeong , C. C. H. Jui , K. Kadota , F. Kakimoto , O. Kalashev , K. Kasahara , Y. Kawachi , K. Kawata , I. Kharuk , E. Kido , H. B. Kim , J. H. Kim , J. H. Kim , S. W. Kim , R. Kobo , I. Komae , K. Komatsu , K. Komori , A. Korochkin , C. Koyama , M. Kudenko , M. Kuroiwa , Y. Kusumori , M. Kuznetsov , Y. J. Kwon , K. H. Lee , M. J. Lee , B. Lubsandorzhiev , J. P. Lundquist , H. Matsushita , A. Matsuzawa , J. A. Matthews , J. N. Matthews , K. Mizuno , M. Mori , S. Nagataki , K. Nakagawa , M. Nakahara , H. Nakamura , T. Nakamura , T. Nakayama , Y. Nakayama , K. Nakazawa , T. Nonaka , S. Ogio , H. Ohoka , N. Okazaki , M. Onishi , A. Oshima , H. Oshima , S. Ozawa , I. H. Park , K. Y. Park , M. Potts , M. Przybylak , M. S. Pshirkov , J. Remington , C. Rott , G. I. Rubtsov , D. Ryu , H. Sagawa , N. Sakaki , R. Sakamoto , T. Sako , N. Sakurai , S. Sakurai , D. Sato , K. Sekino , T. Shibata , J. Shikita , H. Shimodaira , H. S. Shin , K. Shinozaki , J. D. Smith , P. Sokolsky , B. T. Stokes , T. A. Stroman , H. Tachibana , K. Takahashi , M. Takeda , R. Takeishi , A. Taketa , M. Takita , Y. Tameda , K. Tanaka , M. Tanaka , M. Teramoto , S. B. Thomas , G. B. Thomson , P. Tinyakov , I. Tkachev , T. Tomida , S. Troitsky , Y. Tsunesada , S. Udo , F. R. Urban , M. Vrábel , D. Warren , K. Yamazaki , Y. Zhezher , Z. Zundel , J. Zvirzdin

Recent observations of cosmic ray protons in the energy range $10^2$--$10^5$~GeV have revealed that the spectrum cannot be described by a simple power law. A hardening of the spectrum around an energy of order few hundred~GeV, first…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-04-01 Paolo Lipari , Silvia Vernetto

We report the reconstruction of the mass component spectra of cosmic rays (protons, helium, carbon, silicon and iron) and their mean mass composition, at energies from 1.4 to 100 PeV. The results are derived from the archival data of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-06-28 M. Yu. Kuznetsov , N. A. Petrov , I. A. Plokhikh , V. V. Sotnikov

In this paper we review the main features of the observed Cosmic Rays spectrum in the energy range $10^{17} {\rm eV}~\div~10^{20} {\rm eV}$. We present a theoretical model that explains the main observed features of the spectrum, namely the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Roberto Aloisio

Results will be shown from the ASTRONEU array developed and operated in the outskirts of Patras, Greece. An array of 9 scintillator detectors and 3 antennas were deployed to study Extensive Air Showers (EAS) as a tool for calibrating an…

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) is a proposed multi-messenger observatory of Ultra-High-Energy (UHE) particles of cosmic origin. Its main goal is to find the long-sought origin of UHE cosmic rays by detecting large…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-25 GRAND Collaboration , Jaime Álvarez-Muniz , Rafael Alves Batista , Aurélien Benoit-Lévy , Teresa Bister , Martina Bohacova , Mauricio Bustamante , Washington Carvalho , Yiren Chen , LingMei Cheng , Simon Chiche , Jean-Marc Colley , Pablo Correa , Nicoleta Cucu Laurenciu , Zigao Dai , Rogerio M. de Almeida , Beatriz de Errico , João R. T. de Mello Neto , Krijn D. de Vries , Valentin Decoene , Peter B. Denton , Bohao Duan , Kaikai Duan , Ralph Engel , William Erba , Yizhong Fan , Arsène Ferrière , Juan Pablo Góngora , QuanBu Gou , Junhua Gu , Marion Guelfand , Gang Guo , Jianhua Guo , Yiqing Guo , Claire Guépin , Lukas Gülzow , Andreas Haungs , Matej Havelka , Haoning He , Eric Hivon , Hongbo Hu , Guoyuan Huang , Xiaoyuan Huang , Yan Huang , Tim Huege , Wen Jiang , Sei Kato , Ramesh Koirala , Kumiko Kotera , Jelena Köhler , Bruno L. Lago , Zhisen Lai , Jolan Lavoisier , François Legrand , Antonios Leisos , Rui Li , Xingyu Li , Cheng Liu , Ruoyu Liu , Wei Liu , Pengxiong Ma , Oscar Macias , Frédéric Magnard , Alexandre Marcowith , Olivier Martineau-Huynh , Zach Mason , Thomas McKinley , Paul Minodier , Miguel Mostafá , Kohta Murase , Valentin Niess , Stavros Nonis , Shoichi Ogio , Foteini Oikonomou , Hongwei Pan , Konstantinos Papageorgiou , Tanguy Pierog , Lech Wiktor Piotrowski , Simon Prunet , Clément Prévotat , Xiangli Qian , Markus Roth , Takashi Sako , Sarvesh Shinde , Dániel Szálas-Motesiczky , Szymon Sławiński , Kaoru Takahashi , Xishui Tian , Charles Timmermans , Petr Tobiska , Apostolos Tsirigotis , Matías Tueros , George Vittakis , Vincent Voisin , Hanrui Wang , Jiale Wang , Shen Wang , Xiangyu Wang , Xu Wang , Daming Wei , Feng Wei , Emily Weissling , Juan Wu , Xiangping Wu , Xuefeng Wu , Xin Xu , Xing Xu , Fufu Yang , Lili Yang , Xuan Yang , Qiang Yuan , Philippe Zarka , Houdun Zeng , Chao Zhang , Jianli Zhang , Kewen Zhang , Pengfei Zhang , Qingchi Zhang , Songbo Zhang , Yi Zhang , Hao Zhou

The Yakutsk array observes the Cherenkov light emitted by UHECR in atmosphere. Recently, an autonomous subarray is added consisting of photomultipliers to measure the showers in the knee region. Our aim is to analyze the combined data set…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 A. A. Ivanov , S. P. Knurenko , I. Ye. Sleptsov

The search for a theory of the origin of cosmic rays that may be considered as a standard, agreeable model is still ongoing. On one hand, much circumstantial evidence exists of the fact that supernovae in our Galaxy play a crucial role in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-23 P. Blasi

The Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) is an infrastructure for global analysis of extremely extended cosmic-ray phenomena, so-called super-preshowers, beyond the capabilities of existing, discrete, detectors and…

A Monte-Carlo study to reconstruct energy and mass of cosmic rays with energies above 300 TeV using ground based measurements of the electromagnetic part of showers initiated in the atmosphere is presented. The shower properties determined…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Lindner

We propose that the knee in the cosmic ray spectrum at energies E ~ 10^{15.5} eV is due to "new physics", namely to a channel in the high energy (~ TeV in the CM) proton interactions hitherto unaccounted for in estimating the energies of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Kazanas , A. Nicolaidis

The accurate measurement of the Cosmic Ray (CR) nuclear composition around and above the Knee (~ 10^15.5 eV) has been difficult due to uncertainties inherent to the measurement techniques and/or dependence on hadronic Monte Carlo simulation…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Douglas Bergman , John Krizmanic

The GRAND project aims to detect ultra-high-energy neutrinos, cosmic rays and gamma rays, with an array of $200,000$ radio antennas over $200,000\,{\rm km}^2$, split into $\sim 20$ sub-arrays of $\sim 10,000\,{\rm km}^2$ deployed worldwide.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-03 Kumiko Kotera

This review focuses on high-energy cosmic rays in the PeV energy range and above. Of particular interest is the knee of the spectrum around 3 PeV and the transition from cosmic rays of Galactic origin to particles from extra-galactic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-03-15 Thomas K. Gaisser , Todor Stanev , Serap Tilav

Existing small, medium and large arrays for the study of cosmic rays of ultra-high energies are aimed for obtaining information about our galaxy and extragalactic space, namely to search and study astronomical objects that produce the flux…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-10-07 Stanislav Knurenko , Igor Petrov