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The afterglow emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is a valuable source of information to understand the physics of these energetic explosions. The blast wave model has become the standard to describe the evolution of the afterglow…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-08-20 M. D. Aksulu , R. A. M. J. Wijers , H. J. van Eerten , A. J. van der Horst

We present observations of the early X-ray emission for a sample of 40 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) obtained using the Swift satellite for which the narrow-field instruments were pointed at the burst within 10 minutes of the trigger. Using data…

We compiled a large sample of Swift-era photometric data on long (Type II) and short (Type I) GRB afterglows. We compare the luminosity and energetics of the different samples to each other and to the afterglows of the pre-Swift era. Here,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 D. A. Kann , S. Klose

Short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs), occasionally followed by a long and spectrally soft extended emission, are associated with compact object mergers (COMs). Yet, a few recent long GRBs (LGRBs) show compelling evidence for a COM origin, in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-09 R. Maccary , C. Guidorzi , M. Maistrello , S. Kobayashi , M. Bulla , R. Moradi , S. -X. Yi , C. W. Wang , W. L. Zhang , W. -J. Tan , S. -L Xiong , S. -N. Zhang

Internal shocks are a leading candidate for the dissipation mechanism that powers the prompt $\gamma$-ray emission in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). In this scenario a compact central source produces an ultra-relativistic outflow with varying…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-25 Sk. Minhajur Rahaman , Jonathan Granot , Paz Beniamini

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are generally categorized into long and short bursts based on their duration ($T_{90}$). Recently, it has been proposed that GRBs can also be classified into type I (merger) and type II (collapsar) bursts based on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-26 Yan-Kun Qu , Zhong-Xiao Man , Yu-Peng Yang , Shuang-Xi Yi , Fa-Yin Wang

Spectral lag, which is defined as the difference in time of arrival of high and low energy photons, is a common feature in Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs). Previous investigations have shown a correlation between this lag and the isotropic peak…

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow emission can be observed from sub-TeV to radio wavelengths, though only 6.6\% of observed GRBs present radio afterglows. We examine GRB radio light curves (LCs) to look for the presence of radio plateaus,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-02-02 Delina Levine , Maria Dainotti , Kevin J. Zvonarek , Nissim Fraija , Donald C. Warren , Poonam Chandra , Nicole Lloyd-Ronning

In strict analogy to prompt pulses, X-ray flares observed by Swift-XRT in long Gamma-Ray Bursts define a lag-luminosity relation: L_p,iso \propto t_lag^{-0.95+/-0.23}. The lag-luminosity is proven to be a fundamental law extending 5 decades…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-19 R. Margutti

Observations of GRB afterglows ranging from radio to X-ray frequencies generate large data sets. Careful analysis of these broad-band data can give us insight into the nature of the GRB progenitor population by yielding such information…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 E. Berger , R. Sari , D. A. Frail , S. R. Kulkarni

A quantitative theory of spectral lags for $\gamma$-ray bursts (GRBs) is given. The underlying hypothesis is that GRB subpulses are photons that are scattered into our line of sight by local concentrations of baryons that are accelerated by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 David Eichler , Hadar Manis

We present a systematic pulse-by-pulse analysis of 22 long-duration GRBs observed by \emph{Swift}, each exhibiting a well-separated precursor before the main burst. We compare duration, spectral hardness ratio, minimum variability timescale…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-30 Liang Li , Yu Wang , Jin-Jun Geng , Yong-Feng Huang , Rong-Gen Cai

We propose to identify pulsar-wind bubbles (PWBs) as the environment in which the afterglow emission in at least some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) originates. Such bubbles could naturally account for the high fraction of the internal energy…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Arieh Konigl , Jonathan Granot

Over the past few years, long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), including the subclass of X-ray flashes (XRFs), have been revealed to be a rare variety of Type Ibc supernova (SN Ibc). While all these events result from the death of massive…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Alicia M. Soderberg

Owing to lack of multiple components of prompt $\gamma$-ray emissions in short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs), how these distinct components are correlated still keeps unclear. In this paper, we investigate the spectral and temporal properties of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-01-26 X. J. Li , Z. B. Zhang , K. Zhang

Recent observations suggest that gamma ray bursts (GRBs) and their afterglows are produced by highly relativistic jets emitted in core collapse supernova explosions (SNe). The result of the event, probably, is not just a compact object plus…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 Arnon Dar

Short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) exhibiting a plateau phase provide valuable insights into the post-merger activity of their central engines. Although the physical origin of the plateau remains uncertain, the magnetar energy injection model…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-24 Chen Deng , Yong-Feng Huang , Abdusattar Kurban , Jin-Jun Geng , Fan Xu , Xiao-Fei Dong , Hao-Xuan Gao , En-Wei Liang , Liang Li

The spatial and temporal coincidence between the gamma-ray burst (GRB) 980425 and supernova (SN) 1998bw has prompted speculation that there exists a class of GRBs produced by SNe (``S-GRBs''). Robust arguments for the existence of a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 J. S. Bloom , S. R. Kulkarni , F. Harrison , T. Prince , E. S. Phinney , D. A. Frail

To understand the physical mechanisms underlying the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRB), single FRED (Fast-Rise-Exponential-Decay) profile GRBs serve as an ideal sample, as they origin from single epoch central engine activity. These…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-24 Shu-Xu Yi , Chen-Wei Wang , Shao-Lin Xiong , Shuang-Nan Zhang , Romain Maccary , Rahim Moradi , Shuo Xiao , Hua Feng

The hard X-ray and gamma-ray phenomenology of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can be explained by an external shock model where a single relativistic blast wave interacts with the surrounding medium. Besides reproducing the generic spectral…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Charles D. Dermer
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