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A long-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) marks the violent end of a massive star. GRBs are rare in the universe, and their progenitor stars are thought to possess unique physical properties such as low metal content and rapid rotation, while…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-22 Z. Cano

We explore the hypothesis, similar to one recently suggested by Bloom and colleagues, that some nearby supernovae are associated with smooth, single-pulse gamma-ray bursts, possibly having no emission above ~ 300 keV. We examine BATSE…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 J. P. Norris , J. T. Bonnell , K. Watanabe

Observations of several gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that are temporally and spatially compatible with energetic supernovae (hypernovae) has established their common origin. In one case (GRB 111209A/SN 2011kl) the associated supernova was…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-08 Achille Fiore , Ludovica Crosato Menegazzi , Giulia Stratta

Broad-line Ic supernovae (SNe Ic-BL) are a very rare class of core-collapse supernovae exhibiting high ejecta velocities and high kinetic energies. They are the only type of SNe that accompany long gamma-ray burst (GRB) explosions.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-09-26 J. Japelj , S. D. Vergani , R. Salvaterra , M. Renzo , E. Zapartas , S. E. de Mink , L. Kaper , S. Zibetti

A possible unified model of short and long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), X-ray rich GRBs, and X-ray flashes is proposed. It is assumed that the jet of a GRB consists of many emitting sub-shells (i.e., an inhomogeneous jet model). The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ryo Yamazaki , Kunihito Ioka , Takashi Nakamura , Kenji Toma

Type II-P supernov\ae~(SNe), the most common core-collapse SNe type, result from the explosions of red supergiant stars. Their detection in the radio domain testifies of the presence of relativistic electrons, and shows that they are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-02-09 P. Cristofari , A. Marcowith , M. Renaud , V. V. Dwarkadas , V. Tatischeff , G. Giacinti , E. Peretti , H. Sol

The supernova SN 2006aj associated with GRB 060218 is the second-closest GRB-SN observed to date (z=0.033). We present Very Large Telescope, Liverpool Telescope, and Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope multi-color photometry of SN 2006aj.…

Long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRB) are at cosmological distance, they appear to be located near star forming regions, and are likely associated with some type of supernovae. They are also likely to be strongly beamed, which lowers their…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Bohdan Paczynski

Long-duration, spectrally-soft Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are associated with Type Ic Core Collapse (CC) Supernovae (SNe), and thus arise from the death of massive stars. In the collapsar model, the jet launched by the central engine must bore…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-09-20 E. Sobacchi , J. Granot , O. Bromberg , M. C. Sormani

Multiple observational lines of evidence support a connection between hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) and long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Both events require a powerful central energy source, usually attributed to a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-01-24 Ben Margalit , Brian D. Metzger , Todd A. Thompson , Matt Nicholl , Tuguldur Sukhbold

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) divide into two classes: "long", which typically have initial durations of T90>2s, and "short", with durations of T90<2s (where T90 is the time to detect 90% of the observed fluence). Long bursts, which on average…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-16 N. R. Tanvir , R. Chapman , A. J. Levan , R. S. Priddey

While Gamma-Ray Burst (GRBs) are clear and distinct observed events, every individual GRB is unique. In fact, GRBs are known for their variable behaviour, and BATSE was already able to discover two categories of GRB from the T90…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-25 Karlijn Kruiswijk , Gwenhaël de Wasseige

The analysis of 176 gamma ray burst (GRB) afterglow plateaus observed by Swift from GRBs with known redshifts revealed that the subsample of long GRBs associated with supernovae (LONG-SNe) - 19 events - presents a very high correlation…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-04-12 Maria G. Dainotti , Shigehiro Nagataki , Keichi Maeda , Sergey Postnikov , Elena Pian

Short and long-short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are widely believed to be powered by neutron star mergers. In this work, we calculate local rate of such GRBs and find a relatively high value of $\sim 786-2468~{\rm Gpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}}$ when…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-09 Zhi-Ping Jin , Yuan-Zhu Wang , Yin-Jie Li , Yun Wang , Hao Wang , Shao-Peng Tang , Da-Ming Wei

We systematically reanalyzed all Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) afterglow data published through the end of 2002, in an attempt to detect the predicted supernova light component and to gain statistical insight on its phenomenological properties. We…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 A. Zeh , S. Klose , D. H. Hartmann

The number of detections as well as significantly deep non-detections of optical/NIR afterglows of Type I (short-duration population) Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) has become large enough that statistically meaningful samples can now be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-12 David Alexander Kann

More than 60 broad-lined type Ic (Ic-BL) supernovae (SNe) are associated with a long gamma-ray burst (GRB). However, many type Ic-BL SNe exhibit no sign of an associated GRB. On average, the expansion velocities of GRB-associated type Ic-BL…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-27 Gabriel Finneran , Laura Cotter , Antonio Martin-Carrillo

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are classified as long and short events. Long GRBs (LGRBs) are associated with the end states of very massive stars, while short GRBs (SGRBs) are linked to the merger of compact objects. GRB 200826A was a peculiar…

We use a large sample of GRB afterglow and prompt-emission data (adding further GRB afterglow observations in this work) to compare the optical afterglows (or the lack thereof) of Type I GRBs with those of Type II GRBs. In comparison to the…

Using observations from an extensive monitoring campaign with the Hubble Space Telescope we present the detection of an intermediate-time flux excess which is redder in color relative to the afterglow of GRB 011121, currently distinguished…