English
Related papers

Related papers: A Hybrid N-body--Coagulation Code for Planet Forma…

200 papers

We hypothesise that planets are made by tidal downsizing of migrating giant planet embryos. The proposed scheme for planet formation consists of these steps: (i) a massive young protoplanetary disc fragments at R ~ several tens to hundreds…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Sergei Nayakshin

We present a fragmentation module and a composition tracking code for the $n$-body code REBOUND. Our fragmentation code utilises previous semi-analytic models and follows an implementation method similar to fragmentation for the $n$-body…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-09 Anna C. Childs , Jason H. Steffen

Forming planetary systems are populated by large numbers of gravitationally interacting planetary bodies, spanning from massive giant planets to small planetesimals akin to present-day asteroids and comets. All these planetary bodies are…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-05 Diego Turrini , Sergio Fonte , Romolo Politi , Danae Polychroni , Scigé J. Liu , Paolo Matteo Simonetti , Simona Pirani

Aims. The connection between initial disc conditions and final orbital and physical properties of planets is not well-understood. In this paper, we numerically study the formation of planetary systems via pebble accretion and investigate…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-23 Soko Matsumura , Ramon Brasser , Shigeru Ida

The cores of wide-orbit giant planets can form via pebble accretion if large planetesimals form in the outer regions of protoplanetary discs at sufficiently early times. Streaming instability simulations support mass distributions…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-11 Sebastian Lorek , Michiel Lambrechts

Terrestrial planet formation theory is at a bottleneck, with the growing realization that pairwise collisions are treated far too simply. Here, and in our companion paper (Cambioni et al. 2019) that introduces the training methodology, we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-28 Alexandre Emsenhuber , Saverio Cambioni , Erik Asphaug , Travis S. J. Gabriel , Stephen R. Schwartz , Roberto Furfaro

Numerical simulations of the stochastic end stage of planet formation typically begin with a population of embryos and planetesimals that grow into planets by merging. We analyzed the impact parameters of collisions leading to the growth of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-05-04 S. T. Stewart , Z. M. Leinhardt

Finding and characterizing extrasolar Earth analogs will rely on interpretation of the planetary system's environmental context. The total budget and fractionation between C-H-O species sensitively affect the climatic and geodynamic state…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-09 Tim Lichtenberg , Sebastiaan Krijt

Planet formation models have been developed during the last years in order to try to reproduce the observations of both the solar system, and the extrasolar planets. Some of these models have partially succeeded, focussing however on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Y. Alibert , F. Carron , A. Fortier , S. Pfyffer , W. Benz , C. Mordasini , D. Swoboda

We develop a hybrid galaxy formation model which uses outputs from an N-body simulation to follow the merger histories (or ``merger trees'') of dark matter halos and treats baryonic processes, such as the cooling of gas within halos and…

Context. Planet formation with pebbles has been proposed to solve a couple of long-standing issues in the classical formation model. Some sophisticated simulations have been done to confirm the efficiency of pebble accretion. However, there…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-29 Soko Matsumura , Ramon Brasser , Shigeru Ida

We develop a simple model for computing planetary formation based on the core instability model for the gas accretion and the oligarchic growth regime for the accretion of the solid core. In this model several planets can form…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Yamila Miguel , Adrian Brunini

The large number of exoplanets found to orbit their host stars in very close orbits have significantly advanced our understanding of the planetary formation process. It is now widely accepted that such short-period planets cannot have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2011-12-07 Jianghui Ji , Sheng Jin , C. G. Tinney

In the standard model of terrestrial planet formation, planets are formed through giant impacts of planetary embryos after the dispersal of the protoplanetary gas disc. Traditionally, $N$-body simulations have been used to investigate this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-28 Tadahiro Kimura , Haruka Hoshino , Eiichiro Kokubo , Yuji Matsumoto , Masahiro Ikoma

It has been shown that some aspects of the terrestrial planets can be explained, particularly the Earth/Mars mass ratio, when they form from a truncated disk with an outer edge near 1.0 au (Hansen 2009). This has been previously modeled…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-22 Kevin J. Walsh , Hal F. Levison

Prevailing $N$-body planet formation models typically start with lunar-mass embryos and show a general trend of rapid migration of massive planetary cores to the inner Solar System in the absence of a migration trap. This setup cannot…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-27 Tommy Chi Ho Lau , Man Hoi Lee , Ramon Brasser , Soko Matsumura

Planet formation is a multi-scale process in which the coagulation of $\mathrm{\mu m}$-sized dust grains in protoplanetary disks is strongly influenced by the hydrodynamic processes on scales of astronomical units ($\approx 1.5\times 10^8…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-09 Thomas Pfeil , Miles Cranmer , Shirley Ho , Philip J. Armitage , Tilman Birnstiel , Hubert Klahr

The standard formation model of close-in low-mass planets involves efficient inward migration followed by growth through giant impacts after the protoplanetary gas disk disperses. While detailed N-body simulations have enhanced our…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-08 Tadahiro Kimura , Eiichiro Kokubo , Yuji Matsumoto , Christoph Mordasini , Masahiro Ikoma

We present a hybrid technique of N-body simulation to deal with collisionless stellar systems having an inhomogeneous global structure. We combine a treecode and a self-consistent field code such that each of the codes model a different…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 S. Vine , S. Sigurdsson

Previous research suggests that impacts between planetary embryos and planetesimals during the late stages of planet formation can often determine the percentages of core and mantle material that compose the newly formed planets in a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-14 Noah Ferich , Anna C. Childs , Jason H. Steffen