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The formation of gas-giant planets within the lifetime of a protoplanetary disk is challenging especially far from a star. A promising model for the rapid formation of giant-planet cores is pebble accretion in which gas drag during…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 John Chambers

Gas giant planets may form early-on during the evolution of protostellar discs, while these are relatively massive. We study how Jupiter-mass planet-seeds (termed protoplanets) evolve in massive, but gravitationally stable (Q>1.5), discs…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-18 Dimitris Stamatellos , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka

Massive giant planets, such as the ones being discovered by direct imaging surveys, likely experience the majority of their growth through a circumplanetary disc. We argue that the entropy of accreted material is determined by boundary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-16 James E. Owen , Kristen Menou

The final sizes, composition, and angular momenta of solid planetary bodies depend on the outcomes of collisions between planetary embryos. The most common numerical method for simulating embryo collisions is to combine a gravity solver…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-02 Jeremy L. Smallwood , Jeffrey S. Lee , Lorin S. Matthews , Bryant M. Wyatt

We study the three-dimensional evolution of a viscous protoplanetary disc which accretes gas material from a second protoplanetary disc during a close encounter in an embedded star cluster. The aim is to investigate the capability of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-23 M. Xiang-Gruess , P. Kroupa

Gravitational instability (GI) has long been considered a viable pathway for giant planet formation in protoplanetary disks (PPDs), especially at wide orbital separations or around low-mass stars where core accretion faces significant…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-24 Yang Ni , Hongping Deng , Xue-Ning Bai

The standard formation model of close-in low-mass planets involves efficient inward migration followed by growth through giant impacts after the protoplanetary gas disk disperses. While detailed N-body simulations have enhanced our…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-08 Tadahiro Kimura , Eiichiro Kokubo , Yuji Matsumoto , Christoph Mordasini , Masahiro Ikoma

Mercury has an unusually large metal core comprising ~70% of its mass comparing to all other terrestrial planets in the solar system. Giant impacts can remove a significant fraction of the silicate mantle of a chondritic proto-Mercury and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Hongping Deng

To explain important properties of extrasolar planetary systems (eg. close-in hot Jupiters, resonant planets) an evolutionary scenario which allows for radial migration of planets in disks is required. During their formation protoplanets…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-30 Willy Kley

The inner solar system's modern orbital architecture provides inferences into the epoch of terrestrial planet formation; a ~100 Myr time period of planet growth via collisions with planetesimals and other proto-planets. While classic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-08 Matthew S. Clement , John E. Chambers , Nathan A. Kaib , Sean N. Raymond , Alan P. Jackson

Planet-planet scattering is the leading mechanism to explain the broad eccentricity distribution of observed giant exoplanets. Here we study the orbital stability of primordial giant planet moons in this scenario. We use N-body simulations…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-24 Yu-Cian Hong , Sean N. Raymond , Philip D. Nicholson , Jonathan I. Lunine

The origin of the Uranian satellite system remains uncertain. The four major satellites have nearly circular, co-planar orbits and the ratio of the satellite system and planetary mass resembles Jupiter's satellite system, suggesting the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-04 Raluca Rufu , Robin M. Canup

Empirical evidence of planets in gas-rich circumstellar discs is required to constrain giant planet formation theories. Here we study the kinematic patterns which arise from planet-disc interactions and their observability in CO rotational…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-04 Sebastian Perez , Simon Casassus , Pablo Benítez-Llambay

We present the results of hydrodynamic simulations of the formation and subsequent orbital evolution of giant planets embedded in a circumbinary disc. We assume that a 20 earth masses core has migrated to the edge of the inner cavity formed…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Arnaud Pierens , Richard P. Nelson

Close-in giant planets are thought to have formed in the cold outer regions of planetary systems and migrated inward, passing through the orbital parameter space occupied by the terrestrial planets in our own Solar System. We present…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Avi M. Mandell , Sean N. Raymond , Steinn Sigurdsson

The amount of vapor in the impact-generated protolunar disk carries implications for the dynamics, devolatilization, and moderately volatile element (MVE) isotope fractionation during lunar formation. The equation of state (EoS) used in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-26 Scott D. Hull , Miki Nakajima , Natsuki Hosono , Robin M. Canup , Rene Gassmöller

In this article we present results from three on-going projects related to the formation of protoplanets in protostellar discs. We present the results of simulations that model the interaction between embedded protoplanets and disc models…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Richard P. Nelson , John C. B. Papaloizou

The consequences of a protoplanetary disk collision with a gas stream are being studied using three-dimensional numerical gas-dynamic simulation. The influence of orbital parameters and the stream mass on the accretion activity of the star…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-27 Vitaliy Grigoryev , Tatiana Demidova

With a series of numerical simulations, we analyze the thermo-hydrodynamical evolution of circumstellar disks containing Jupiter-size protoplanets. In the framework of the two-dimensional approximation, we consider an energy equation that…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-20 Gennaro D'Angelo , Thomas Henning , Willy Kley

Giant impacts have been suggested to explain various characteristics of terrestrial planets and their moons. However, so far in most models only the immediate effects of the collisions have been considered, while the long-term interior…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-01 Gregor J. Golabek , Alexandre Emsenhuber , Martin Jutzi , Erik I. Asphaug , Taras V. Gerya