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Related papers: Origin and Dynamical Evolution of Comets and their…

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This chapter summarizes analytic theory and numerical calculations for the formation and collisional evolution of KBOs at 20--150 AU. We describe the main predictions of a baseline self-stirring model and show how dynamical perturbations…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Scott J. Kenyon , Benjamin C. Bromley , David P. O'Brien , Donald R. Davis

We present results of thermal evolution calculations for objects originating in the Kuiper belt and transferring inwards, to the region of the outer planets. Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) are considered to be part of a reservoir that supplies…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 G. Sarid , D. Prialnik

Most stars form in dense stellar environments, where frequent close encounters can strongly perturb and reshape the early architecture of planetary systems. The solar system, with its rich population of distant comets, provides a natural…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-28 Santiago Torres

Several properties of the Solar System, including the wide radial spacing of the giant planets, can be explained if planets radially migrated by exchanging orbital energy and momentum with outer disk planetesimals. Neptune's…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 David Nesvorny

We provide a brief review of many aspects of the planetary physics of hot Jupiters. Our aim is to cover most of the major areas of current study while providing the reader with additional references for more detailed follow-up. We first…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-17 Jonathan J. Fortney , Rebekah I. Dawson , Thaddeus D. Komacek

This review is based on lectures given at the 45th Saas-Fee Advanced Course 'From Protoplanetary Disks to Planet Formation' held in March 2015 in Les Diablerets, Switzerland. Starting with an overview of the main characterictics of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-25 Wilhelm Kley

We present a fully integrated model of comet evolution that couples thermal and compositional processes with dynamical processes continuously, from formation to present-day activity. The combined code takes into account changes in orbital…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-31 Adam Parhi , Dina Prialnik

Born as ice-rich planetesimals, cometary nuclei were gravitationally scattered onto their current orbits in the Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud during the giant planets' dynamical instability in the early stages of our Solar System's…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-04 A. Gkotsinas , D. Nesvorny , A. Guilbert-Lepoutre , S. N. Raymond , N. Kaib

We discuss the current knowledge of the Solar system, focusing on bodies in the outer regions, on the information they provide concerning Solar system formation, and on the possible relationships that may exist between our system and the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 David Jewitt , Amaya Moro-Martín , Pedro Lacerda

Equation of motion for a comet in the Oort cloud is numerically solved. Orbital evolution of the comet under the action of the gravity of the Sun and the Galaxy is presented for various initial conditions. Oscillations of the Sun with…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2010-02-15 L. Komar , J. Klacka , P. Pastor

Since very recently, we acquired knowledge on the existence of comets in extrasolar planetary systems. The formation of comets together with planets around host stars now seems evident. As stars are often born in clusters of interstellar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-22 Rudolf Dvorak , Birgit Loibnegger , Manfred Cuntz

We study the influence of outer Solar System architecture on the structural evolution of the Oort Cloud (OC) and the flux of Earth-crossing comets. In particular, we seek to quantify the role of the giant planets as "planetary protectors".…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Alexia R. Lewis , Thomas Quinn , Nathan A. Kaib

These notes provide an introduction to the theory of the formation and early evolution of planetary systems. Topics covered include the structure, evolution and dispersal of protoplanetary disks; the formation of planetesimals, terrestrial…

Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-22 Philip J. Armitage

In this paper, we present a study about the dynamical effects of the Galaxy on the external region of the Oort Cloud. The aims of this paper are: i) to determine an outer limit for the Oort Cloud; and ii) to analyse the dynamical behaviour…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-24 J. A. Correa-Otto , M. F. Calandra

The dynamical structure of the Kuiper belt can be used as a clue to the formation and evolution of the Solar System, planetary systems in general, and Neptune's early orbital history in particular. The problem is best addressed by forward…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-03 David Nesvorny

It is possible that the formation of the Oort Cloud dates back to the earliest epochs of solar system history. At that time, the Sun was almost certainly a member of the stellar cluster, where it was born. Since the solar birth cluster is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-19 Thomas Nordlander , Hans Rickman , Bengt Gustafsson

The outer giant planets, Uranus and Neptune, pose a challenge to theories of planet formation. They exist in a region of the Solar System where long dynamical timescales and a low primordial density of material would have conspired to make…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Edward W. Thommes , Martin J. Duncan , Harold F. Levison

The asteroid belt was dynamically shaped during and after planet formation. Despite representing a broad ring of stable orbits, the belt contains less than one one-thousandth of an Earth mass. The asteroid orbits are dynamically excited…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-20 Sean N. Raymond , David Nesvorny

We investigate the possible origins of real high-inclination Centaurs and trans-neptunian objects using a high-resolution statistical search for stable orbits that simulates their evolution back in time to the epoch when planet formation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-28 Fathi Namouni , Helena Morais

Inward migration of giant planets is predicted by hydrodynamical simulations during the gas phase of the protoplanetary disc. The phenomenon is also invoked to explain resonant and near-resonant exoplanetary system structures. The early…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 Simona Pirani , Anders Johansen , Alexander J. Mustill