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The Blandford-Znajek constraint equation for a stationary, axisymmetric black-hole force-free magnetosphere is cast in a 3+1 absolute space and time formulation, following Komissarov (2004). We derive an analytic solution for fields and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Govind Menon , Charles D. Dermer

We study force-free magnetospheres in the Blandford-Znajek process from rapidly rotating black holes by adopting the near-horizon geometry of near-extreme Kerr black holes (near-NHEK). It is shown that the Znajek regularity condition on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-07-22 Huiquan Li , Cong Yu , Jiancheng Wang , Zhaoyi Xu

Numerical simulations combined with simple analytical arguments are used to reach a number of important conclusions on the nature of the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. We show that, just like in the Penrose mechanism and in the MHD models of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 S. S. Komissarov

In this paper, we provide exact solutions for the extraction of energy from a rotating black hole via both the electromagnetic Poynting flux and matter currents. By appropriate choice of a radially independent poloidal function…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-28 Govind Menon , Charles D. Dermer

We revisit the Blandford & Znajek (1977) process and solve the fundamental equation that governs the structure of the steady-state force-free magnetosphere around a Kerr black hole. The solution depends on the distributions of the magnetic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-12 Ioannis Contopoulos , Demosthenes Kazanas , Demetrios B. Papadopoulos

We consider the Blandford-Znajek process of electromagnetic extraction of energy from a general axially symmetric asymptotically flat slowly rotating black hole. Using the general parametrization of the black-hole spacetime we construct…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-12-03 R. A. Konoplya , J. Kunz , A. Zhidenko

In this paper, we propose a general method for perturtative solutions to Blandford-Znajek mechanism. Instead of solving the nonlinear Grad-Shafranov equation directly, we introduce an alternative way to determine relevant physical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-05 Zhen Pan , Cong Yu

Despite their potential importance for understanding astrophysical jets, physically realistic exact solutions for magnetospheres around Kerr black holes have not been found, even in the force-free approximation. Instead approximate…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-06-17 Gianluca Grignani , Troels Harmark , Marta Orselli

We obtain analogs of the Blandford-Znajek split monopole solution for force-free magnetospheres around a slowly rotating Kerr-AdS black hole. For small black holes, we find an analytic solution to first order in the ratio of horizon radius…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-06-11 Xun Wang , Adam Ritz

We analyze the dynamical evolution of a perturbed force-free magnetosphere of a rotating black hole, which is described by the Blandford-Znajek solution in the stationary limit. We find that the electromagnetic field perturbations can be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-26 Huan Yang , Fan Zhang

Black hole - accretion disc systems are the central engines of relativistic jets from stellar to galactic scales. We numerically quantify the unsteady outgoing Poynting flux through the horizon of a rapidly spinning black hole endowed with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-15 J. F. Mahlmann , A. Levinson , M. A. Aloy

In this paper I study the magnetosphere of a black hole that is connected by the magnetic field to a thin conducting Keplerian disk. I consider the case of a Schwarzschild black hole only, leaving the more interesting but difficult case of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Dmitri A. Uzdensky

In this paper we report the results of the first ever time-dependent general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the magnetically dominated monopole magnetospheres of black holes. It is found that the numerical solution evolves…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 S. S. Komissarov

The possibility of extracting energy from a rotating black hole via the Blandford-Znajek mechanism represents a cornerstone of relativistic astrophysics. We present general-relativistic collisionless kinetic simulations of Kerr black-hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-19 Claudio Meringolo , Filippo Camilloni , Luciano Rezzolla

The Blandford-Znajek (BZ) process is steady electromagnetic energy release from rotating black holes (BHs) along magnetic field lines threading them and widely believed to drive relativistic jets. This process is successfully demonstrated…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-02-18 Kenji Toma , Fumio Takahara , Masanori Nakamura

The Blandford-Znajek monopole is a conjectured solution of force-free electrodynamics in the vicinity of a slowly rotating Kerr black hole, supposedly defined as a perturbation in small angular momentum. It is used to argue for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-11-07 Gianluca Grignani , Troels Harmark , Marta Orselli

Numerical simulations of the force-free magnetodynamics (FFMD) of the electromagnetic field around a spinning black hole are useful to investigate the dynamic electromagnetic processes around a spinning black hole, such as the emergence of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-10-16 Shinji Koide , Tomoki Imamara

The Blandford-Znajek mechanism is the continuous extraction of energy from a rotating black hole via plasma currents flowing on magnetic field lines threading the horizon. In the discovery paper, Blandford and Znajek demonstrated the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-04-07 Jay Armas , Yangyang Cai , Geoffrey Compére , David Garfinkle , Samuel E. Gralla

We present analytic force-free solutions modeling rotating stars and black holes immersed in the magnetic field of a thin disk that terminates at an inner radius. The solutions are exact in flat spacetime and approximate in Kerr spacetime.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-18 Samuel E. Gralla , Alexandru Lupsasca , Maria J. Rodriguez

We quantitatively study the stationary, axisymmetric, force-free magnetospheres of spinning (Kerr) black holes (BHs) and the conditions needed for relativistic jets to be powered by the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. These jets could be from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-10-03 Alexander L. Ford , Brett D. Keenan , Mikhail V. Medvedev
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