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Massive stars drive the evolution of the interstellar medium through their radiative and mechanical energy input. After their birth, they form bubbles of hot gas surrounded by a dense shell. Traditionally, the formation of bubbles is…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-07-09 B. B. Ochsendorf , S. Verdolini , N. L. J. Cox , O. Berné , L. Kaper , A. G. G. M. Tielens

Massive stars lose a large fraction of their original mass over the course of their evolution. These stellar winds shape the surrounding medium according to parameters that are the result of the characteristics of the stars, varying over…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-10-17 Allard Jan van Marle , Rony Keppens , Sung-Chul Yoon , Norbert Langer

HI observations have revealed in several shell galaxies the presence of gaseous shells slightly displaced from the stellar shells radially, in the outward direction. We propose a mechanism to form this gaseous shells, based on the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Combes , V. Charmandaris

We examine the idea that diffuse and giant molecular clouds and their substructure form as density fluctuations induced by large scale interstellar turbulence. We do this by investigating the topology of various fields in realistic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Javier Ballesteros-Paredes , Enrique Vazquez-Semadeni , John Scalo

To study how supernova feedback structures the turbulent interstellar medium, we construct 3D models of vertically stratified gas stirred by discrete supernova explosions, including vertical gravitational field and parametrized heating and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 M. K. Ryan Joung , Mordecai-Mark Mac Low

We provide a brief overview of recent advances and outstanding issues in simulations of interstellar turbulence, including isothermal models for interior structure of molecular clouds and larger-scale multiphase models designed to simulate…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2011-05-05 Alexei G. Kritsuk , Sergey D. Ustyugov , Michael L. Norman

Galactic infrared (IR) bubbles, which have shell-like structures in the mid-IR wavelengths, are known to contain massive stars near their centers. IR bubbles in inner Galactic regions ($|$l$|\leq$ 65$^{\circ}$, $|$b$|\leq$ 1$^{\circ}$) have…

Large-scale shocks formed by clustered feedback of young OB stars are considered an important source of mechanical energy for the ISM and a trigger of molecular cloud formation. Their interaction sites are locations where kinetic energy and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-03-08 Evangelia Ntormousi , Joanne R. Dawson , Patrick Hennebelle , Katharina Fierlinger

How does turbulence contribute to the formation and structure of the dense interstellar medium (ISM)? Molecular clouds are dense, high-pressure objects. It is usually argued that gravitational confinement causes the high pressures, and that…

Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-18 Mordecai-Mark Mac Low

A spherical planetary nebula is described as a geometric model. The nebula itself is considered as a thin-shell which visualized as a boundary of two spacetimes. The inner and outer curvature tensors of the thin-shell are found in order to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-20 S. Danial Forghani , Ibrahim Gullu , S. Habib Mazharimousavi

Galaxies comprise intricate networks of interdependent processes which together govern their evolution. Central among these are the multiplicity of feedback channels, which remain incompletely understood. One outstanding problem is the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-12-11 Brent Tan , Drummond B. Fielding

The effect of a newly born star cluster inside a giant molecular cloud (GMC) is to produce a hot bubble and a thin, dense shell of interstellar gas and dust swept up by the H II expansion, strong stellar winds, and repeated supernova…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Lihong Yao , T. A. Bell , S. Viti , J. A. Yates , E. R. Seaquist

Leveraging a high-resolution 3D dust map of the solar neighborhood from Edenhofer et al. (2024), we derive a new 3D model for the dust-traced surface of the Local Bubble, the supernova-driven cavity surrounding the Sun. We find that the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-07-12 Theo J. O'Neill , Catherine Zucker , Alyssa A. Goodman , Gordian Edenhofer

The Sun is embedded in the so-called Local Bubble (LB) -- a cavity of hot plasma created by supernova explosions and surrounded by a shell of cold, dusty gas. Knowing the local distortion of the Galactic magnetic field associated with the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-04-08 V. Pelgrims , K. Ferrière , F. Boulanger , R. Lallement , L. Montier

This two-part review summarizes interstellar turbulence and its implications. The first part begins with diagnostics and energy sources. Turbulence theory is considered in detail, including the basic fluid equations, solenoidal and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Bruce G. Elmegreen , John Scalo

We model the conservation of energy in the framework of the thin layer approximation for two types of interstellar medium (ISM). In particular, we analyse an ISM in the presence of self-gravity and a Gaussian ISM which produces an asymmetry…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-09-07 Lorenzo Zaninetti

The interstellar medium (ISM) in galaxies is multiphase and cloudy, with stars forming in the very dense, cold gas found in Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs). Simulating the evolution of an entire galaxy, however, is a computational problem…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Leila C. Powell , Frederic Bournaud , Damien Chapon , Julien Devriendt , Adrianne Slyz , Romain Teyssier

The aim of this paper is to calculate the expansion law and chemical enrichment of a supershell powered by the energetic feedback of a typical Galactic OB association at various galactocentric radii. We study then the orbits of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 E. Spitoni , S. Recchi , F. Matteucci

Numerical simulations of the multi-phase interstellar medium have been carried out, using a 3D, nonlinear, magnetohydrodynamic, shearing-box model, with random motions driven by supernova explosions. These calculations incorporate the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Graeme R. Sarson , Anvar Shukurov , Aake Nordlund , Boris Gudiksen , Axel Brandenburg

We present an analytical model of the relation between the surface density of gas and star formation rate in galaxies and clouds, as a function of the presence of supersonic turbulence and the associated structure of the interstellar…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-11-06 Florent Renaud , Katarina Kraljic , Frédéric Bournaud