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The aim is to show that in case of low probability of asteroid collision with Earth, the appropriate selection and weighing of the data are crucial for the impact investigation, and to analyze the impact possibilities using extensive…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Malgorzata Krolikowska , Grzegorz Sitarski , Andrzej M. Soltan

On April 13, 2029, the asteroid Apophis will pass near Earth at a geocentric distance of about 38,000 km. Numerical models have suggested that the post-encounter spin state will critically depend on the orientation of Apophis during the…

In this article, theory-based analytical methodologies of astrophysics employed in the modern era are suitably operated alongside a test research-grade telescope to image and determine the orbit of a near-earth asteroid from original…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-16 Muhammad Farae , Cameron Woo , Anka Hu

On April 13, 2029, asteroid Apophis will pass within six Earth radii ($\sim$31000 km above surface), in the closest approach of this asteroid in recorded history. This event provides unique scientific opportunities to study the asteroid,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-07 Agustín Vallejo , Jorge I. Zuluaga , Germán Chaparro

Tumbling asteroids belong to a small group of objects, whose angular velocity vector is unaligned with any of its principal axes of inertia. This leads to challenging efforts to model the trajectory of any spacecraft designed to orbit these…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-31 S. Aljbaae , J. Souchay , V. Carruba , D. M. Sanchez , A. F. B. A. Prado

Apophis' current trajectory takes it safely past our planet at a distance of several Earth radii on 2029 April 13. Here the possibility is considered that Apophis could collide with a small asteroid, like the ones that frequently and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-11 Paul Wiegert

We aim at providing a preliminary approach on the dynamics of a spacecraft in orbit about the asteroid (99942) Apophis during its Earth close approach. The physical properties from the polyhedral shape of the target are derived assigning…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-15 S. Aljbaae , D. M. Sanchez , A. F. B. A. Prado , J. Souchay , M. O. Terra , R. B. Negri , L. O. Marchi

(99942) Apophis is a potentially hazardous asteroid that will closely approach the Earth on April 13, 2029. Although the likelihood of an impact has been ruled out, this close encounter represents a unique opportunity for planetary science…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-04 Andrea C. Morelli , Alessandra Mannocchi , Carmine Giordano , Fabio Ferrari , Francesco Topputo

In recent years, understanding asteroids has shifted from light worlds to geological worlds by exploring modern spacecraft and advanced radar and telescopic surveys. However, flyby in 2029 will be an opportunity to conduct an internal…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-08 Manuel Ntumba , Saurabh Gore , Jean-Baptiste Awanyo

The 99942 Apophis close encounter with Earth in 2029 may provide information about asteroid's physical characteristics and measurements of Earth's effects on the asteroid surface. In this work, we analysed the surface and the nearby…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-17 Giulia Valvano , Othon Cabo Winter , Rafael Sfair , Gabriel Borderes-Motta 2 , Rai Machado , Tamires Moura

The Monte Carlo method of the nominal orbit clonning was applied to the case of 99942 Apophis, the asteroid from the Aten group. Calculations based on observations from the time interval of 2004 03 15 - 2008 01 09 have shown that the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2010-09-15 Malgorzata Krolikowska , Grzegorz Sitarski

Context. The close approach of the near-Earth asteroid (99942) Apophis to Earth in 2029 will provide a unique opportunity to examine how the physical properties of the asteroid could be changed due to the Earth's gravitational perturbation.…

Asteroid (99942) Apophis' close approach in 2029 will be one of the most significant small-body encounter events in the near future and offers a good opportunity for in situ exploration to determine the asteroid's surface properties and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-08-04 Yang Yu , Derek C. Richardson , Patrick Michel , Stephen R. Schwartz , Ronald-Louis Ballouz

The knowledge of the orbit or the ephemeris uncertainty of asteroid presents a particular interest for various purposes. These quantities are for instance useful for recovering asteroids, for identifying lost asteroids or for planning…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Josselin Desmars , David Bancelin , Daniel Hestroffer , William Thuillot

Earth is bombarded by meteors, occasionally by one large enough to cause a significant explosion and possible loss of life. Although the odds of a deadly asteroid strike in the next century are low, the most likely impact is by a relatively…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 John L. Tonry

In 2029, the near-Earth asteroid (99942) Apophis approaches the Earth within six Earth radii. This opportunity is one of the rarest natural experiments that we can use to better characterize a small body through telescopic observations and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-24 Masatoshi Hirabayashi

Asteroid 99942 Apophis will pass near the Earth in April 2029. Expected to miss our planet by a safe margin, that could change if Apophis' path was perturbed by a collision with another asteroid in the interim. Though the statistical chance…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-04 Paul Wiegert , Ben Hyatt

We present a method for calculating precise distances to asteroids using only two nights of data from a single location --- far too little for an orbit --- by exploiting the angular reflex motion of the asteroids due to Earth's axial…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-07 Aren N. Heinze , Stanimir Metchev

We explore the effects of the 2029 Earth encounter on asteroid (99942) Apophis' non-principal axis spin state, leveraging refined orbit, spin state, and inertia information provided by more recent optical and radar observations. Propagating…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-16 C. J. Benson , D. J. Scheeres , M. Brozovic , S. Chesley , P. Pravec , P. Scheirich

This paper presents a robust linear method for impact probability estimation of near-Earth asteroids with the Earth. This method is a significantly modified and improved method, which uses a special curvilinear coordinate system associated…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Dmitrii E. Vavilov
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