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The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has provided the first opportunity to study the atmospheres of terrestrial exoplanets and estimate their surface conditions. Earth-sized planets around Sun-like stars are currently inaccessible with…

The characterization of exoplanet atmospheres is one of the key topics in modern astrophysics. To date, transmission spectroscopy has been the primary method used, but upcoming instruments will lay the foundation for advancing…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-10 Maddalena Bugatti , Christophe Lovis , Nicolas Billot , Nicolas Blind , Baptiste Lavie , Martin Turbet , Bruno Chazelas , Francesco Pepe

Thirteen exo-planets have been discovered using the gravitational microlensing technique (out of which 7 have been published). These planets already demonstrate that super-Earths (with mass up to ~10 Earth masses) beyond the snow line are…

With about 700 confirmed extrasolar planets, it is time to move beyond discovery and towards characterization. Perhaps the most basic parameter of an extrasolar planet is its mass; however, this is very difficult to determine if the planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Kevin Gullikson , Michael Endl

We propose to use low-rank matrix approximation using the component-wise L1-norm for direct imaging of exoplanets. Exoplanet detection by direct imaging is a challenging task for three main reasons: (1) the host star is several orders of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-30 Hazan Daglayan , Simon Vary , Valentin Leplat , Nicolas Gillis , P. -A. Absil

Extreme adaptive optics systems are now in operation across the globe. These systems, capable of high order wavefront correction, deliver Strehl ratios of 90% in the near-infrared. Originally intended for the direct imaging of exoplanets,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-09 Nemanja Jovanovic , Christian Schwab , Nick Cvetojevic , Olivier Guyon , Frantz Martinache

Several concepts now exist for small, space-based missions to directly characterize exoplanets in reflected light. Here, we develop an instrument noise model suitable for studying the spectral characterization potential of a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-21 Tyler D. Robinson , Karl R. Stapelfeldt , Mark S. Marley

The radial velocity signature of stellar noise is small, around the meter-per-second, but already too much for the detection of Earth mass planets in habitable zones. In this paper, we address the important role played by observational…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Xavier Dumusque , Stephane Udry , Christophe Lovis , Nuno C. Santos , Mario J. F. P. G. Monteiro

The EXtreme PREcision Spectrograph (EXPRES) is a new Doppler spectrograph designed to reach a radial velocity measurement precision sufficient to detect Earth-like exoplanets orbiting nearby, bright stars. We report on extensive laboratory…

The characterization of nearby rocky exoplanets will become feasible with the next generation of telescopes, such as the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) and the mission concept Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO). Using an improved model…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-06 Giulia Roccetti , Michael F. Sterzik , Julia V. Seidel , Claudia Emde , Mihail Manev , Stefano Bagnulo

The search for exoplanets is an active field in astronomy, with direct imaging as one of the most challenging methods due to faint exoplanet signals buried within stronger residual starlight. Successful detection requires advanced image…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-24 Théo Bodrito , Olivier Flasseur , Julien Mairal , Jean Ponce , Maud Langlois , Anne-Marie Lagrange

Recent dynamical studies indicate that the possibility of an Earth-like planet around $\alpha\;$Cen A or B should be taken seriously. Such a planet, if it exists, would perturb the orbital astrometry by $<10 \ {\mu}\rm as$, which is…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-15 Km Nitu Rai , Subrata Sarangi , Prasenjit Saha , Soumen Basak

We ask if Earth-like planets (terrestrial mass and habitable-zone orbit) can be detected in multi-planet systems, using astrometric and radial velocity observations. We report here the preliminary results of double-blind calculations…

Deflecting an asteroid from an Earth impact trajectory requires only small velocity changes, typically of the order of microns per second, if done many years ahead of time. For this, a highly precise method of determining the need,…

Space Physics · Physics 2008-09-17 Bernhard W. Adams

The recent discovery of an earth-like planet around Proxima Centauri has drawn much attention to this star and its environment. We performed a series of observations of Proxima Centauri using SPHERE, the planet finder instrument installed…

We explore the possibility that the transit signature of an Earth-size planet can be detected in spectroscopic velocity shifts via the Rossiter effect. Under optimistic but not unrealistic conditions, it should be possible to detect a large…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-25 W. F. Welsh , J. A. Orosz

We assess the dependence of Earth's disk-integrated mid-infrared thermal emission spectrum on observation geometries and investigate which and how spectral features are impacted by seasonality on Earth. We compiled an exclusive dataset…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-04 Jean-Noel Mettler , Sascha P. Quanz , Ravit Helled , Stephanie L. Olson , Edward W. Schwieterman

The Microlensing Planet Finder (MPF) is a proposed Discovery mission that will complete the first census of extrasolar planets with sensitivity to planets like those in our own solar system. MPF will employ a 1.1m aperture telescope, which…

We present model atmospheres for an Earth-like planet orbiting the entire grid of main sequence FGK stars with effective temperatures ranging from Teff = 4250K to Teff = 7000K in 250K intervals. We model the remotely detectable spectra of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-04-11 Sarah Rugheimer , Lisa Kaltenegger , Andras Zsom , Antígona Segura , Dimitar Sasselov

We propose the application of coronagraphic techniques to the spectroscopic direct detection of exoplanets via the Doppler shift of planetary molecular lines. Even for an unresolved close-in planetary system, we show that the combination of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-06-05 Hajime Kawahara , Naoshi Murakami , Taro Matsuo , Takayuki Kotani