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Shock acceleration is an ubiquitous phenomenon in astrophysical plasmas. Plasma waves and their associated instabilities (e.g., Buneman, Weibel and other two-stream instabilities) created in collisionless shocks are responsible for particle…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 K. -I. Nishikawa , P. Hardee , C. B. Hededal , G. Richardson , R. Preece , H. Sol , G. J. Fishman

We study the long time behaviour of the speed of a particle moving in $\mathbb{R}^d$ under the influence of a random time-dependent potential representing the particle's environment. The particle undergoes successive scattering events that…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-09-09 Emilie Soret , Stephan De Bievre

Magnetic reconnection is a primary driver of particle acceleration processes in space and astrophysical plasmas. Understanding how particles are accelerated and the resulting particle energy spectra is among the central topics in…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-06-16 Xiaocan Li , Fan Guo , Yi-Hsin Liu

Relativistic shocks accelerate particles by the first order Fermi mechanism. These particles then emit synchrotron emission in the post shock gas. We have developed a numerical code which integrates the relativistic Euler equations for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 T. P. Downes , P. Duffy , S. Komissarov

We compare Particle-in-Cell simulation results of relativistic electron-ion shear flows with different bulk Lorentz factors, and discuss their implications for spine-sheath models of blazar versus gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets. Specifically,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-02-28 Edison Liang , Wen Fu , Markus Boettcher , Parisa Roustazadeh

The rheology of dense granular shear flows is influenced by friction and particle shape. We investigate numerically the impact of non-spherical particle geometries under shear on packing fraction, stress ratios, velocity fluctuations, force…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-11-04 Jacopo Bilotto , Martin Trulsson , Jean-François Molinari

We consider effects on an (ultra-) relativistic jet and its ambient medium caused by high energy cosmic rays accelerated at the jet side boundary. As illustrated by simple models, during the acceleration process a flat cosmic ray…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 M. Ostrowski

A scheme for fast, compact, and controllable acceleration of heavy particles in vacuum is proposed, in which two counterpropagating lasers with variable frequencies drive a beat-wave structure with variable phase velocity, thus allowing for…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 F. Peano , J. Vieira , L. O. Silva , R. Mulas , G. Coppa

Relativistic magnetized jets from active galaxies are among the most powerful cosmic accelerators, but their particle acceleration mechanisms remain a mystery. We present a new acceleration mechanism associated with the development of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-12-19 E. Paulo Alves , Jonathan Zrake , Frederico Fiuza

Shock acceleration is an ubiquitous phenomenon in astrophysical plasmas. Plasma waves and their associated instabilities (e.g., the Buneman instability, two-streaming instability, and the Weibel instability) created in the shocks are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 K. -I. Nishikawa , P. Hardee , G. Richardson , R. Preece , H. Sol , G. J. Fishman

While collisionless plasmas are ubiquitously present near astrophysical compact objects, the impact that their composition has on the high-energy emission is presently unknown. We present the first investigation of particle-acceleration…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-09 Claudio Meringolo , Mario Imbrogno , Alejandro Cruz-Osorio , Sergio Servidio , Luciano Rezzolla

We investigate the acceleration and simultaneous radiative losses of electrons in the vicinity of relativistic shocks. Particles undergo pitch angle diffusion, gaining energy as they cross the shock by the Fermi mechanism and also emitting…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Paul Dempsey , Peter Duffy

We discuss acceleration measurements for a large sample of extragalactic radio jets from the MOJAVE program which studies the parsec-scale jet structure and kinematics of a complete, flux-density-limited sample of Active Galactic Nuclei…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-20 D. C. Homan , M. Kadler , K. I. Kellermann , Y. Y. Kovalev , M. L. Lister , E. Ros , T. Savolainen , J. A. Zensus

Nonthermal radiation observed from astrophysical systems containing relativistic jets and shocks, e.g., gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and microquasars commonly exhibit power-law emission spectra. Recent PIC…

We discuss a role of the boundary shear layer of large scale jets for their observed multiwavelength emission. We consider a simple mechanism of a turbulent particle acceleration acting within such regions as an alternative mechanism with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 L. Stawarz , M. Ostrowski

We investigate the behaviour of a relativistic spherically symmetric radiative star with an accelerating, expanding and shearing interior matter distribution in the presence of anisotropic pressures. The junction condition can be written in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-12 S. Thirukkanesh , S. S. Rajah , S. D. Maharaj

A short overview of laser-plasma acceleration of ions is presented. The focus is on some recent experimental results and related theoretical work on advanced regimes. These latter include in particular target normal sheath acceleration…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2014-03-13 A. Macchi , A. Sgattoni , S. Sinigardi , M. Borghesi , M. Passoni

Numerical Monte Carlo simulations of the diffusive shock acceleration in the test particle limit are investigated. We simulate high relativistic flow astrophysical plasmas for upstream $\gamma$ $\sim5$ and up to $\gamma$ $\sim1000$. These…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Athina Meli , John Quenby

Simple homogeneous shear flows of frictionless, deformable particles are studied by particle simulations at large shear rates and for differently soft, deformable particles. The particle stiffness sets a time-scale that can be used to scale…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-07-25 Dalila Vescovi , Stefan Luding

Particles are accelerated to very high, non-thermal energies during explosive energy-release phenomena in space, solar, and astrophysical plasma environments. In the case of solar flares, it has been established that magnetic reconnection…