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Related papers: Diffusive Acceleration of Ions at Interplanetary S…

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We study the application of deep learning techniques to the analysis and classification of ions accelerated at collisionless shocks in hybrid (kinetic ions--fluid electrons) simulations. Ions were classified as thermal, suprathermal, or…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-24 Paxson Swierc , Damiano Caprioli , Luca Orusa , Miha Cernetic

Collisionless plasma shocks are efficient sources of non-thermal particle acceleration in space and astrophysical systems. We use hybrid (kinetic ions -- fluid electrons) simulations to examine the non-linear feedback of the self-generated…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-12-16 Colby C. Haggerty , Damiano Caprioli

The identification of pre-acceleration mechanisms for cosmic ray ions in supernova remnant shocks is an important problem in astrophysics. Recent particle-in-cell (PIC) shock simulations have shown that inclusion of the full electron…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 R. E. Lee , S. C. Chapman , R. O. Dendy

It is thought that solar energetic ions associated with coronal/interplanetary shock waves are accelerated to high energies by the diffusive shock acceleration mechanism. For this mechanism to be efficient, intense magnetic turbulence is…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-29 A. Afanasiev , R. Vainio , D. Trotta , S. Nyberg , N. Talebpour Sheshvan , H. Hietala , N. Dresing

We present the results of large hybrid (kinetic ions - fluid electrons) simulations of particle acceleration at non-relativistic collisionless shocks. Ion acceleration efficiency and magnetic field amplification are investigated in detail…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-23 Damiano Caprioli

Collisionless, turbulent plasmas surround the Earth, from the magnetosphere to the intergalactic medium, and the fluctuations within them affect nearly every field in the space sciences, from space weather forecasts to theories of galaxy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-28 Keyan Gootkin , Colby Haggerty , Damiano Caprioli , Zachary Davis

The recent discoveries in the theory of diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) that stem from first-principle kinetic plasma simulations are discussed. When ion acceleration is efficient, the back-reaction of non-thermal particles and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-21 Damiano Caprioli , Colby Haggerty , Pasquale Blasi

The non-thermal acceleration of electrons and ions at an oblique, non-relativistic shock is studied using large scale particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations in one spatial dimension. Physical parameters are selected to highlight the role of…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-11-01 Naveen Kumar , Brian Reville

We examine the test-particle solution for diffusive shock acceleration, based on simple models for thermal leakage injection and Alfv'enic drift. The critical injection rate, \xi_c, above which the cosmic ray (CR) pressure becomes…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-19 Hyesung Kang , Dongsu Ryu

Particle transport, acceleration and energisation are phenomena of major importance for both space and laboratory plasmas. Despite years of study, an accurate theoretical description of these effects is still lacking. Validating models with…

Collisionless shock waves, found in supernova remnants, interstellar, stellar, and planetary environments, and laboratories, are one of nature's most powerful particle accelerators. This study combines in situ satellite measurements with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-03-05 Savvas Raptis , Ahmad Lalti , Martin Lindberg , Drew L. Turner , Damiano Caprioli , James L. Burch

The theory of diffusive acceleration of energetic particles at shock fronts assumes charged particles undergo spatial diffusion in a uniform magnetic field. If, however, the magnetic field is not uniform, but has a stochastic or braided…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. G. Kirk , P. Duffy , Y. A. Gallant

Intense laser-plasma interactions are an essential tool for the laboratory study of ion acceleration at a collisionless shock. With two-dimensional particle-in-cell calculations of a multicomponent plasma we observe two electrostatic…

Particle acceleration in relativistic shocks is studied analytically in the test-particle, small-angle scattering limit, for an arbitrary velocity-angle diffusion function D. Accurate analytic expressions for the spectral index s are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Uri Keshet

Context: Acceleration in coronal mass ejection driven shocks is currently considered the primary source of large solar energetic particle events. Aims: The solar wind, which feeds shock-accelerated particles, includes numerous ion…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-03-19 Markus Battarbee , Timo Laitinen , Rami Vainio

Several types of foreshock transients upstream of Earth's bow shock possessing a tenuous, hot core have been observed and simulated. Because of the low dynamic pressure in their cores, these phenomena can significantly disturb the bow shock…

Space Physics · Physics 2017-09-20 Terry Z. Liu , Vassilis Angelopoulos , Heli Hietala , Lynn B. Wilson

The analytical theory of diffusive cosmic ray acceleration at parallel stationary shock waves with magnetostatic turbulence is generalized to arbitrary shock speeds $V_s=\beta_1c$, including in particular relativistic speeds. This is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-19 Reinhard Schlickeiser

Collisionless shocks are often studied in two spatial dimensions (2D), to gain insights into the 3D case. We analyze diffusive shock acceleration for an arbitrary number $N\in\mathbb{N}$ of dimensions. For a non-relativistic shock of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-07 Assaf Lavi , Ofir Arad , Yotam Nagar , Uri Keshet

Interplanetary shocks are one of the crucial dynamic phenomena in the Heliosphere. They can accelerate particles to high energies, generate plasma waves, and can trigger geomagnetic storms in Earth's magnetosphere, significantly impacting…

Space Physics · Physics 2024-12-06 Munkhjargal Lkhagvadorj , Gabor Facsko , Andrea Opitz , Peter Kovacs , David G. Sibeck

Context. Interplanetary (IP) shock waves offer an unparalleled opportunity to directly study the elusive mechanisms of particle acceleration that are pervasive in our Universe. Novel spacecraft missions, orbiting poorly-explored regions of…

Space Physics · Physics 2025-08-28 Domenico Trotta , Timothy S. Horbury , Joe Giacalone