Related papers: E = mc^2 Without Relativity
The mass-energy relation E=mc2 has a dual origin, one grounded in the postulate of the existence of an aether made of "ultramondane particules" moving in space at the speed of light, c; the other, a consequence, first deduced by Henri…
We review in the present article the conjecture of electromagnetic mass by Lorentz. The philosophical perspectives and historical accounts of this idea are described, especially, in the light of Einstein's special relativistic formula {E =…
Physics was in crisis at the beginning of the twentieth century because the newborn Maxwell's electromagnetism defied mechanistic preconceptions. Albert Einstein understood that the solution to the crisis required an audacious reworking of…
The starting point of quantum mechanics is the relationship between energy and momentum: energy is proportional to the squared momentum! As a result, energy and momentum have not been treated equally. The wave equation required by…
We study influence of gravitational field on the mass-energy equivalence relation by incorporating gravitation in the physical situation considered by Einstein (Ann. Physik, 17, 1905, English translation in ref. [1]) for his first…
In this article the concept of mass is analyzed based on the special and general relativity theories and particle (quantum) physics. The mass of a particle (m=E(0)/c^2) is determined by the minimum (rest) energy to create that particle…
Simply by assuming the first postulate of Special Relativity and by exploring Gedankenexperiments with electromagnetic forces, we suggest that there is a speed limit in the universe, which can be determined as a relation between vacuum…
We present a new derivation of the expressions for momentum and energy of a relativistic particle. In contrast to the procedures commonly adopted in textbooks, the one suggested here requires only the knowledge of the composition law for…
Recently it was shown that classical "relativistic" particle dynamics was implicit in physics going back to Maxwell. The demonstration utilized a simple modification of a 1906 thought experiment by which Einstein established the mass…
Matter waves were discovered in the early 20th century from their wavelength, predicted by DeBroglie, Planck's constant divided by the particle's momentum, that is, lmw = h/mv. But, the failure to obtain a reasonable theory for the matter…
Einstein's relation E=Mc^2 between the energy E and the mass M is the cornerstone of the relativity theory. This relation is often derived in a context of the relativistic theory for closed systems which do not accelerate. By contrast,…
In this article one aspect of the so-called '4/3-problem' is analyzed, namely definitions of the electromagnetic mass of the classical electron. It is shown that if the special relativity definition of the electromagnetic (EM) mass as the…
We correct an error that occurs with certain frequency in popular literature of Special Relativity, namely that supposedly that mass of moving objects depends on the relative velocity of the object and the observer. In this pedagogical…
Detailed study of the energy and momentum carried by the electromagnetic field can be a source of clues to possible new physics underlying the Maxwell Equations. But such study has been impeded by expressions for the parameters of the…
100 years ago Einstein discovered $E=mc^2$, the secret energy stored in ordinary mass. $\Delta H = D(H-H)$ is the chemical energy released in chemical bond formation between two H atoms. The failure to recognize the enormously different…
Einstein's 1905 derivation of E = mc^2 has been criticized for being circular. Although such criticisms have been challenged it is certainly true that the reasoning in Einstein's original derivation is not at all obvious. Einstein's…
That the speed of light is a universal constant is a logical consequence of Maxwell's equations. Here we show the converse is also true. Electromagnetism (EM) and electrodynamics (ED), in all details, can be derived from two simple…
We review our recent theoretical results about inequivalence between passive and active gravitational masses and energy in semiclassical variant of general relativity, where gravitational field is not quantized but matter is quantized. To…
It is pointed out that at present we only prove that inertial static mass and gravitational static mass are equivalent. We have not proved that inertial moving mass and gravitational moving mass are also equivalent. It is proved by the…
The problem of determining the electromagnetic and gravitational ``self-force'' on a particle in a curved spacetime is investigated using an axiomatic approach. In the electromagnetic case, our key postulate is a ``comparison axiom'', which…